Prediction of Mode II of Fracture Toughness in Laminate Composites
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه شبیه سازی و تحلیل تکنولوژی های نوین در مهندسی مکانیک
افشین زین‌الدینی
1
(- دانشجوی دکتری، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
- مربی، مهندسی مکانیک، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دزفول)
منصور علیزاده
2
(استادیار، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران)
کلید واژه: Prediction, Composite, Initiation of delamination, Mode II, strain energy release rate,
چکیده مقاله :
In this paper, effects of ply orientation of adjacent plies with (ϕ//θ) interfaces on mode II critical strain energy release rate (fracture toughness) of multidirectional (MD) laminate has been studied. Ply orientation of adjacent plies is one of the most important parameters affects the mode II critical strain energy release rate () in the initiation of the delamination. To study this parameter, End Notch Flexure (ENF) specimen has been used for measuring of laminated composites. Eventually, the purpose is to predict of of MD composite specimen, without direct experimental tests and finite element modeling using the results of unidirectional (UD) ply. First, of unidirectional composites will be studied and by the results obtained, the behavior of multidirectional laminated composites is predicted. In this context, a comprehensive method was proposed that combines prediction methods, and analytical modeling. The obtainedof multidirectional laminated composites with (ϕ//θ) interfaces can be used for design purposes. Results obtained using this method has been compared with the results of numerical and theoretical methods. This prediction method reduces the calculation costs of FE and analytical models, and also the costs of experiments significantly.
جهت‌گیری الیاف یکی از مهم‌ترین پارامترهای مؤثر بر مود دوم نرخ رهایی انرژی کرنشی در شروع جدایش بین‌لایه‌ای است. از تیری با شکاف انتهایی برای اندازه‌گیری نرخ رهایی انرژی کرنشی در شروع جدایش بین‌لایه‌ای کامپوزیت‌های لایه‌ای استفاده شده است. در واقع هدف از این تحقیق، پیش‌بینی مقدار نرخ رهایی انرژی کرنشی نمونهی چندجهته از روی نتایج تجربی مربوط به قطعهی تک‌جهته می‌باشد، بدون اینکه مستقیماً به آزمایش‌های تجربی و مدل‌سازی اجزاء محدود قطعهی کامپوزیتی لایه‌ای چندجهته نیاز شود. در این زمینه، روشی پیشنهاد شده که ترکیبی از روش‌های پیش‌بینی و تحلیلی است. ضمناً نتایج بدست آمده از این روش با نتایج مدل‌سازی عددی و نتایج تحلیلی مقایسه شده است. این روش، حجم محاسبات عددی و تحلیلی و نیز هزینهی مطالعات آزمایشگاهی را به مقدار چشم‌گیری کاهش میدهد
[1] ASTM D5528. Standard test method for mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 15, 2007, pp. 1-12.
[2] Sriharan S., Delamination Behavior of composite, Published by Woodhead Publishing and Maney Publishing on behalf of The Institute of materials, Mainerals & Mining, CRC Press Boca Raton Boston New York Washington, (2008).
[3] Sheinman I., Kardomateas G.A., Energy release rate and stress intensity factors for delaminated composite laminates, International Journal Solids Structure, Vol. 34(4), 1997, pp. 451–9.
[4] Sela N., Ishai O., Interlaminar fracture toughness and toughening of laminated composite materials, a review Composites, Vol. 20(5), 1989, pp. 416.
[5] Barrett J.D., Foschi R.O., Mode II stress intensity factors for cracked wood beams, Engineering Fracture Mechanism, Vol. 9(3), 1977, pp. 371–387.
[6] O’Brien T.K., Characterization of delamination onset and growth in a composite laminate, .In: Reifsnider KL, editor. Damage in composite materials, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP, Vol. 775, 1982, pp. 140–167.
[7] Davies P., Casari P., Carlsson LA., Influence of fibre volume fraction on mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass/epoxy using the 4ENF specimen, Composite Science Technology, Vol. 65, 2005, pp. 295–300.
[8] Arrese A., Carbajal N, Vargas G., Mujika F., A new method for determining mode II R-curve by the End-Notched Flexure test, Engineering Fracture Mechanism, Vol. 77, 2010, pp. 51–70.
[9] Brunner AJ., Blackman BRK., Davies P., An status report on delamination resistance testing of polymer–matrix composites, Engineering Fracture Mechanism, Vol. 75, 2008, pp. 2779–2794.
[10] Blackman BRK., Kinloch AJ., Paraschi M., The determination of the mode II fracture resistance, GIIc, of structural adhesive joints: an effective crack length approach, Engineering Fracture Mechanism, Vol. 72, 2005, pp. 877–897.
[11] Miyagawa H., Chiaki S., Ikegami, K., Experimental Determination of Fracture Toughness of CFRP in Mode II by Raman Spectroscopy, Applied Composite Materials, Vol. 8, 2001, pp. 25–41.
[12] Jar P.Y.B., Dick T.M., Kuboki T., Comparison of testing methods for fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) in resistance to in-plane sliding mode of delamination (Mode II), Journal Material Science, Vol. 40, 2005, pp. 1481–1484.
[13] Gallagher E., Kuboki T., Jar P.Y.B., Cheng J.J.R., in Proceedings CD of ANTEC, Society of Plastics Engineers, 2004.
[14] Gdoutos E.E., Pilakoutas K., Chris A., Rodopoulos., Failure Analysis of Industrial Composite Materials, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000, pp. 553.
[15] Tsai S.W., Introduction to Composite Materials, Technomic Publishing Company, 1980.
[16] Davidson B.D., Kruger R., Konig M., Effect of stacking sequence on energy release rate distributions in multidirectional DCB and ENF specimens, Engineering Fracture Mechanism, Vol. 55, 1996, pp. 557–569.
[17] Sun C.T., Zheng S., Delamination characteristics of double-cantilever beam and end-notched flexure composite specimens, Composite Science and Technology, Vol. 56(4), 1996, pp. 451–459.
[18] Shokrieh M.M., Heidari-Rarani M., Ayatollahi M.R., Delamination R-curve as a material property of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites, Materials and Design, 2012.
[19] Chang. F.K., Chang. K.Y., A Progressive Damage Model for Laminated Composites Containing Stress Concentrations, Journal Composite Material, Vol. 21, 1987, pp. 834-855.
[20] Olsson R.A., “A simplified improved beam analysis of the DCB specimen”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 43, 1992, pp. 329-338.
[21] Rybicki E.F., Kanninen M.F., A Finite Element Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors by a Modified Crack Closure Integral, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 9, 1997, pp. 931-938.
[22] Krueger R., Goetze D., Influence of Finite Element Software on Energy Release Rates Computed Using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique: History, Approach and Applications, NASA/CR-2006-214523.
[23] De Morais AB., Pereira AB., Application of the effective crack method to mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy unidirectional laminates, Composites Part A Vol. 38, 2007, pp. 785–794.
