بهینه¬سازی محیط کشت شیمیائی صنعتی جهت کشت کنسرسیوم جلبکی با کاربری کود بیولوژیکی
محورهای موضوعی : ریزجلبک
ساسان قبادیان
1
(گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و معماری، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران)
ندا سلطانی
2
(گروه تحقیق و توسعه، شرکت آفاق نگران زیست¬گستر، تهران، ایران)
پیروز شکری خطیبی
3
(گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت¬مدرس، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: بهینه سازی کشت, کشت ریزجبلک, کلروفیل, کود زیستی, محیط کشت BG11, نرخ رشد مخصوص,
چکیده مقاله :
با نگاه به مفاهیم اصلی توسعه پایدار، نیاز روزافزون به منابع غذائی در کنار مضراتِ محیط¬زیستیِ بکارگیری کودهای شیمیائی، لزوم تولید کود¬های زیستی آنهم با بهره¬گیری از ریزجلبک¬ها به عنوان کارخانه¬های سلولی بیولوژیکی کارآمد را روشن می¬سازد. در این پژوهش با هدف ارتقاء بهره¬وری جهت کشت تجاری یک کنسرسیوم جلبکی (که نقش موثر آن در رشد و نمو محصولات کشاورزی در پژوهش موازی اثبات شده) بهینه¬سازی محیط¬کشت BG11 با تکیه بر چهار ترکیب K2HPO4، NaCl ، CaCl2 و FeNH4Cit مد نظر قرار گرفت. از روش سطح پاسخ برای طراحی فاکتورها و تحلیل پاسخ¬ها استفاده شد و سنجش¬های وزن خشک در روز¬های 4، 8، 11 و 15 کشت همراه با محاسبه نرخ رشد مخصوص و میزان کلروفیل انجام شد. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک mg/L 1.15 در آزمایشی با کمترین میزان شوری به دست آمد در حالیکه سایر فاکتورها در مقادیر میانی بازه تغییرات خود قرار داشتند. اندرکنش شدید مواد مغذی و حساسیتِ نرخ رشد مخصوص نسبت به این اندرکنش مشهود بود. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل، در مقادیر میانی K2HPO4 در کنار کمترین مقدار سایر فاکتورها به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج، بدلیل اثرگذاری شدید مواد بر روی یکدیگر و تعامل پیچیده بین عوامل محیطی و فیزیولوژی ارگانیسم‌های فتوسنتزی، به نظر می¬رسد حفظ تعادل بین ترکیبات موثرتر از مصرف مقادیر بالاتر آنها باشد و با بهره¬گیری از این تعادل میتوان با کاهش مصرف و افزایش بهره¬وری، صرفه¬جویی اقتصادی مورد نظر در هزینه کشت را انجام داد.
With a look at the fundamental concepts of sustainable development, the increasing need for food resources alongside the environmental hazards of using chemical fertilizers highlights the necessity of producing organic fertilizers, especially utilizing microalgae as efficient biological cellular factories. In this study, seeking to enhance productivity for the commercial cultivation of an algae consortium (parallel research have proved its significant role in the growth and development of agricultural products), optimization of the BG11 culture medium was considered based on four combinations of K2HPO4, NaCl, CaCl2 and FeNH4Cit. The response surface methodology was employed to design the factors and analyze the responses. Dry weights on days 4, 8, 11 and 15 of cultivation were measured; Specific growth rates and chlorophyll levels calculation were accompanied. The maximum dry weight of 1.15 mg/L was obtained in the experimental group with the lowest salinity, while other factors fluctuated within intermediate ranges. The strong interaction of nutrients and the sensitivity of specific growth rates to this interaction were evident. The highest chlorophyll levels were achieved with intermediate levels of K2HPO4 alongside the lowest levels of other factors. Based on the results, maintaining balance among the components appears to be more effective than consuming higher amounts of them. By leveraging this balance, it is possible to achieve the desired economic savings in cultivation costs through reduced consumption and increased productivity.
Ammar, E. E., Aioub, A. A., Elesawy, A. E., Karkour, A. M., Mouhamed, M. S., Amer, A. A. and El-Shershaby, N. A. (2022). Algae as Bio-fertilizers: Between current situation and future prospective. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 29(5): 3083-3096.
Ansari, F. A., Ravindran, B., Gupta, S. K., Nasr, M., Rawat, I. and Bux, F. (2019). Techno-economic estimation of wastewater phycoremediation and environmental benefits using Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae. Journal of environmental management, 240, 293-302.
Arumugam, M., Agarwal, A., Arya, M. C. and Ahmed, Z. (2013). Influence of nitrogen sources on biomass productivity of microalgae Scenedesmus bijugatus. Bioresource Technology, 131, 246-249.
Barone, V., Baglieri, A., Stevanato, P., Broccanello, C., Bertoldo, G., Bertaggia, M., . . . Mandolino, G. (2018). Root morphological and molecular responses induced by microalgae extracts in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Journal of Applied Phycology, 30, 1061-1071.
Barone, V., Puglisi, I., Fragalà, F., Lo Piero, A. R., Giuffrida, F. and Baglieri, A. (2019). Novel bioprocess for the cultivation of microalgae in hydroponic growing system of tomato plants. Journal of Applied Phycology, 31, 465-470.
Brooks, A. (1986). Effects of phosphorus nutrition on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase activation, photosynthetic quantum yield and amounts of some Calvin-cycle metabolites in spinach leaves. Functional Plant Biology, 13(2): 221-237.
Chen, C.-Y., Zhao, X.-Q., Yen, H.-W., Ho, S.-H., Cheng, C.-L., Lee, D.-J., . . . Chang, J.-S. (2013). Microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 78, 1-10.
Chen, X., Yang, Y., Lu, Q., Sun, X., Wang, S., Li, Q., . . . Wang, Y. (2021). The influence of light intensity and organic content on cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in sludge extracts diluted with BG11. Aquaculture International, 29(5): 2131-2144.
Chimiklis, P. E. and Karlander, E. P. (1973). Light and calcium interactions in Chlorella inhibited by sodium chloride. Plant Physiology, 51(1), 48-56.
Converti, A., Casazza, A. A., Ortiz, E. Y., Perego, P. and Del Borghi, M. (2009). Effect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 48(6): 1146-1151.
Covell, L., Machado, M., Vaz, M. G. M. V., Soares, J., Batista, A. D., Araújo, W. L., . . . Nunes-Nesi, A. (2020). Alternative fertilizer-based growth media support high lipid contents without growth impairment in Scenedesmus obliquus BR003. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 43, 1123-1131.
Das, P., Khan, S., Chaudhary, A. K., AbdulQuadir, M., Thaher, M. I. and Al-Jabri, H. (2019). Potential applications of algae-based bio-fertilizer. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture and environment, 41-65.
Dubinsky, Z., Falkowski, P. G. and Wyman, K. (1986). Light harvesting and utilization by phytoplankton. Plant and Cell Physiology, 27(7): 1335-1349.
Falkowski, P. and Raven, J. (1997). Photosynthesis in continuous light. Aquatic Photosynthesis. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, 193-227.
García-Ferris, C. and Moreno, J. (1994). Oxidative modification and breakdown of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase induced in Euglena gracitis by nitrogen starvation. Planta, 193, 208-215.
Geider, R. J., MACINTYRE, H. L., Graziano, L. M. and McKAY, R. M. L. (1998). Responses of the photosynthetic apparatus of Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae) to nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. European Journal of phycology, 33(4): 315-332.
Ghobadian, S. and Soltani, N. (2021). Advanced Factors Affecting Microalgae Large-Scale Cultivation and Their Effects on Productivity Improvement. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 4(63), 129.
Gong, Y. and Jiang, M. (2011). Biodiesel production with microalgae as feedstock: from strains to biodiesel. Biotechnology letters, 33, 1269-1284.
Gorain, P. C., Bagchi, S. K. and Mallick, N. (2013). Effects of calcium, magnesium and sodium chloride in enhancing lipid accumulation in two green microalgae. Environmental technology, 34(13-14): 1887-1894.
Guo, S., Wang, P., Wang, X., Zou, M., Liu, C. and Hao, J. (2020). Microalgae as biofertilizer in modern agriculture. Microalgae biotechnology for food, health and high value products, 397-411.
Guzmán-Murillo, M. A., Ascencio, F. and Larrinaga-Mayoral, J. A. (2013). Germination and ROS detoxification in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under NaCl stress and treatment with microalgae extracts. Protoplasma, 250, 33-42.
Khan, M. I., Shin, J. H. and Kim, J. D. (2018). The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed and other products. Microbial cell factories, 17(1), 1-21.
Kováčik, J. and Dresler, S. (2018). Calcium availability but not its content modulates metal toxicity in Scenedesmus quadricauda. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 147, 664-669.
Lee, E., Jalalizadeh, M. and Zhang, Q. (2015). Growth kinetic models for microalgae cultivation: A review. Algal research, 12, 497-512.
Li, T., Kirchhoff, H., Gargouri, M., Feng, J., Cousins, A. B., Pienkos, P. T., . . . Chen, S. (2016). Assessment of photosynthesis regulation in mixotrophically cultured microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. Algal research, 19, 30-38.
Lin, Q. and Lin, J. (2011). Effects of nitrogen source and concentration on biomass and oil production of a Scenedesmus rubescens like microalga. Bioresource Technology, 102(2): 1615-1621.
Mahapatra, D. M., Chanakya, H., Joshi, N., Ramachandra, T. and Murthy, G. (2018). Algae-based biofertilizers: a biorefinery approach. Microorganisms for Green Revolution: Volume 2: Microbes for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem, 177-196.
Menezes, R. S., Soares, A. T., Marques Júnior, J. G., Lopes, R. G., Da Arantes, R. F., Derner, R. B. and Filho, N. R. A. (2016). Culture medium influence on growth, fatty acid and pigment composition of Choricystis minor var. minor: a suitable microalga for biodiesel production. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28, 2679-2686.
Mérigout, P., Lelandais, M., Bitton, F., Renou, J.-P., Briand, X., Meyer, C. and Daniel-Vedele, F. (2008). Physiological and transcriptomic aspects of urea uptake and assimilation in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Physiology, 147(3), 1225-1238.
Nahidian, B., Ghanati, F., Shahbazi, M. and Soltani, N. (2018). Effect of nutrients on the growth and physiological features of newly isolated Haematococcus pluvialis TMU1. Bioresource Technology, 255, 229-237.
Pandey, A., Gupta, A., Sunny, A., Kumar, S. and Srivastava, S. (2020). Multi-objective optimization of media components for improved algae biomass, fatty acid and starch biosynthesis from Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 using desirability function approach. Renewable Energy, 150, 476-486.
Plaza, B. M., Gómez-Serrano, C., Acién-Fernández, F. G. and Jimenez-Becker, S. (2018). Effect of microalgae hydrolysate foliar application (Arthrospira platensis and Scenedesmus sp.) on Petunia x hybrida growth. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30, 2359-2365.
Puthiyaveetil, S., Ibrahim, I. M. and Allen, J. F. (2012). Oxidation–reduction signalling components in regulatory pathways of state transitions and photosystem stoichiometry adjustment in chloroplasts. Plant, cell and environment, 35(2): 347-359.
Remacle, C., Eppe, G., Coosemans, N., Fernandez, E. and Vigeolas, H. (2014). Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas. Journal of experimental botany, 65(1): 23-33.
Renuka, N., Guldhe, A., Singh, P., Ansari, F. A., Rawat, I. and Bux, F. (2017). Evaluating the potential of cytokinins for biomass and lipid enhancement in microalga Acutodesmus obliquus under nitrogen stress. Energy Conversion and Management, 140, 14-23.
Rocha, R. P., Machado, M., Vaz, M. G. M. V., Vinson, C. C., Leite, M., Richard, R., . . . Martins, M. A. (2017). Exploring the metabolic and physiological diversity of native microalgal strains (Chlorophyta) isolated from tropical freshwater reservoirs. Algal research, 28, 139-150.
Ronga, D., Biazzi, E., Parati, K., Carminati, D., Carminati, E. and Tava, A. (2019). Microalgal biostimulants and biofertilisers in crop productions. Agronomy, 9(4): 192.
Sathasivam, R., Radhakrishnan, R., Hashem, A. and Abd_Allah, E. F. (2019). Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 26(4): 709-722.
Touloupakis, E., Tartari, G., Zittelli, G. C. and Torzillo, G. (2020). Growth and photosynthetic performance of Chlamydopodium fusiforme cells cultivated in BG11 and Bristol media. Journal of Applied Phycology, 32(1): 145-152.
ZANIN, L., TOMASI, N. and PINTON, R. Molecular and physiological interactions of urea and nitrate uptake in plants.
