مفهوم و اثبات جرم تجاوز به عنف در فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران
کریم خضرنیا
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی حقوق جزا ، واحدتبریز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز ، ایران
)
عباسعلی اکبری
2
(
استادیار گروه حقوق جزا، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول( Dr.akbari@iaut.ac.ir
)
کلید واژه: حقوق کیفری, عنصر مادی, تجاوزبه عنف, عنصرقانونی, عنصرمعنوی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از جرائم جنسی و خشونت بار در حقوق کیفری ایران که عفت عمومی را به شدت خدشه دار می کند و برسلامت جسمانی و روانی قربانی تاثیر سویی برجای می گذارد ، جرم تجاوز به عنف است ، جرمی که هیچ گاه تحت این عنوان در قوانین کیفری ایران به رسمیت شناخته نشده است بلکه تحت تاثیر فقه اسلامی و به عنوان زنای به عنف و اکراه جرم انگاری شده است . در این مقاله با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای، مفهوم جرم تجاوز به عنف از منظر فقه اسلامی و دکترین حقوق کیفری تببین شده و واکنش تقنینی و نحوه اثبات آن در فرآیند کیفری مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد . نتیجه مطالعه نشان می دهد که در قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب سال1392 شدیدترین واکنش کیفری یعنی اعدام برای مرتکب تجاوز به عنف در نظر گرفته شده است . در قانون کیفری ایران محدود کردن موضوع تجاوز به عنف تنها از سوی بزهکار مرد علیه بزه دیده زن قابل تامل است. قانون گذار ایران دربحث تجاوز به عنف با کاستی های فراوانی روبروست ، به طوری که بسیاری از مصادیق جرم تجاوز به عنف درحقوق کیفری مسکوت یا لااقل درمورد آن اظهارنظر نشده است. البته نسبت به قانون سال 1370 نقش علم قاضی را درنحوه اثبات جرم زنا به عنوان یکی از ادله اثبات تقویت نموده است.
چکیده انگلیسی :
criminal laws. It is not known, but under the influence of Islamic jurisprudence, it has been criminalized as fornication by violence and unwillingness. In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the concept of the crime of rape from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and the doctrine of criminal law by using library sources, and to examine the legal response and how to prove it in the criminal process. Finally, we have come to the conclusion that in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, the most severe criminal reaction is death for the perpetrator of rape. In the Iranian Criminal Code, it is possible to limit the issue of rape only by a male offender against a female victim. Iran's legislature is facing many shortcomings in the issue of rape, so that many examples of the crime of rape in criminal law are silent or at least not commented on. Of course, compared to the law of 1370, it has strengthened the role of the judge's knowledge in proving the crime of adultery as one of the proofs.
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