بررسی اثر دور آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت (مطالعه موردی: استان گلستان)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
یاسر کردکتولی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.)
حسین عجم نوروزی
2
(استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، گرگان، ایران)
ابراهیم امیری
3
(استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان)
افشین سلطانی
4
(استاد فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
محمد رضا داداشی
5
(استادیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
کلید واژه: هیبرید سینگل کراس 704, گلستان, نیتروژن, فسفر, مدیریت آبیاری,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی مدیریت آبیاری و اثرات مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژنه بر روی ذرت هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1394 و 1395 در استان گلستان، در مزرعه ای واقع در شهر مزرعه کتول، انجام شد. عامل اصلی، دور آبیاری بر حسب روز در چهار سطح شامل 7، 14، 21 و 28 روز و عامل فرعی، کود نیتروژنه در چهار سطح شامل 60، 120، 180 و 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل دور آبیاری و نیتروژن بر وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، نیتروژن دانه و عملکرد زیست توده معنی دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری 28 روزه نسبت به آبیاری 7 تا 14 روزه عملکرد دانه و میزان نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم دانه را کاهش داد. افزایش کود نیتروژنه تا حد 180و 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد بیولوژیک، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و میزان نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه را افزایش داد. اما مصرف نیتروژن در مقادیر بیشتر در شرایط تنش (دور آبیاری 21 تا 28 روزه) نه تنها اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد نداشت بلکه در این شرایط عملکرد دانه نسبت به مصرف 180 تا 240 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار کاهش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ترکیب تیمار آبیاری 7 و 14 روزه و سطح نیتروژن 240 تا 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار و به میزان 12209، 11416 و 10147 کیلوگرم در هکتار به¬دست آمد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین بین دو سال نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد دانه در بلال583 عدد، تعداد دانه در ردیف 3/40 عدد، وزن هزار دانه 138/9 گرم و نیتروژن دانه 3/991 میکروگرم بر گرم و زن خشک مربوط به سال دوم بود.
In order to investigate irrigation management and the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid corn SC704 experimental in the form of crushed plots in the form of complete randomized block design in three replications during two crop years 2015 and 2016 in Golestan province, in Katul was done. The main factor of irrigation cycle by day in four levels including 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and the secondary factor of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels included 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg.ha-1. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant effect between irrigation cycle and nitrogen on Weigh of 1000 grains, grain yield, seed nitrogen and biomass yield. The results showed that 28 days of irrigation reduced grain yield, seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium compared to 7 to 14 days of irrigation. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer to 180 and 240 kg.ha-1 increased the yield of the grain by affecting the biological yield and yield components seed nitrogen, seed phosphate and seed potassium. However, nitrogen consumption in higher amounts under stress conditions (21 to 28 day Interval Irrigation) not only did not have a positive effect on yield, but also reduced grain yield by 180 to 240 kg.ha-1. The highest grain yield was obtained in the combination of 7 and 14 day irrigation treatment and nitrogen level of 240 to 180 kg.ha-1 and 12209, 11416, 10147 kg.ha-1. The results of the average comparison between the two years showed that the highest number of grains per corn was 583, the Number of grains per row as 40.3 and the Weigh of 1000 grains was 138.9 grams and seed nitrogen 3.991 µg.g-1 DW in the second year.
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