رستم، پهلوانی از «عصر شکارگری» (فرضیهای نو درباب خاستگاه اسطورة رستم)
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی
1 - 'گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی ؛ دانشکده علوم انسانی ؛ دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی ( ره ) ؛ بروجرد
کلید واژه: رستم, زال, پارینهسنگی, عصر شکار,
چکیده مقاله :
عصر شکارگری که تا ده هزارسال پیش رواج داشته و در دورة پارینهسنگی واقع بوده است، یکی از مهمترین و شاخصترین اعصار بشر به شمار میآید که در آن، مردم به گردآوری غذا و شکارِ حیوانات مشغول بوده و هنوز با زرع و کشت آشنایی نداشتند. در این دوره، مردانی دلیر زندگی میکردند که با اتّکا به نیروی بدنی در نبردی دائمی با حیوانات و شرایط سختِ معاش به سر میبردند. عصر شکارگری، چهرههای پهلوانیِ مخصوص به خود را داشته است که بعدها با ظهور ادوار تاریخی جدیدتر و با گذر ایام این چهرهها تا حدودی تغییر شکل داده و در این ادوار هضم شدهاند؛ البته این سخن بدین معنی نیست که این چهرههای پهلوانی بهطور کامل از میان رفتهاند، بلکه نشانهها و رگههای آنان را با توجه به سبک زندگی، نوع پوشش، دین و عاداتِ رفتاریشان میتوان در اساطیر و حماسههای پهلوانی اخیر مشاهده کرد. نگارندة این جستار بر این باور است که احتمالاً رستم دستان -پهلوان حماسههای پارسی- با توجه به خُلق و خوی شکارگریش، و نیز پلنگینهپوشی و گُرزوری و ارتباط و سخن گفتنش با برخی حیوانات و پرستش خورشید و انجام اعمال شمنی توسط پدرش زال که همگی رفتارهایی مربوط به دوران شکارگری است، پهلوانی از عصر شکار است که توانسته پس از گذر از فراز و فرودهای ادوار تاریخی چهرة کهنِ خود را در حماسههای اسطورهای پارسی تا حدّی حفظ کند.
Abstract:The hunting era current until ten thousand years ago belonged to the Paleolithic era is regarded as one of the most prominent periods of mankind in which people were busy gathering food and hunting animals and yet not familiarized with agriculture. In this period lived courageous men who were in constant battle with animals. Relying entirely on their physical strength they tried to earn a living under difficult circumstances. The hunting era had the heroic characters of its own. With the advent of newer historical periods and upon the passage of time these characters changed forms and melted within the eras, although not completely disappeared but their traces in accordance with the lifestyle, clothing, religion and behavioral traits could be observed in the mythologies and heroic epics of the recent past. The writer of this article believes that it is probable that Rostam Dastan, the preeminent hero of the Persian epics due to his hunting temperament and his Palangina outfit, and heavy mace, his relationship and his speech with certain animals, worshipping sun, and also with Zal’s carrying out shamanic practices which were all behaviors related to the hunting era, is a hero form that period who found his way to the mythological Persian epics after passing through numerous rise and fall in historical periods could well maintain his image in Persian mythological epics.
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