اثر دور آبیاری، باکتری‎های محرک رشد و اسید هیومیک بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم رقم کویر

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

سارا پروازی شندی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره)، گروه زراعت، تهران, ایران.)
علیرضا پازکی ² (دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره)، گروه زراعت، تهران, ایران.)
احمد اصغرزاده ³ (عضو هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران.)
امین آزادی ⁴ (استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره)، گروه زراعت، تهران, ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/08/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/04/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/08/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, عملکرد بیولوژیک, اسید هیومیک, عملکرد دانه, گندم, باکتری&lrm, های محرک رشد,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر دور آبیاری، اسید هیومیک و باکتری های محرک رشد (ازتوباکتر، آزوسپیریلوم و سودوموناس) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم رقم کویر، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90 - 1389 به صورت اسپیلت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در فشافویه (حسن آباد) اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی (آبیاری) در سه سطح (آبیاری بر اساس 80، 120و 160 میلی‎متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و اسید هیومیک و مخلوط باکتری های محرک (ازتوباکتر، سودوموناس و آزوسپیریلوم) هر یک در دو سطح عدم کاربرد و کاربرد به صورت فاکتوریل در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه را به طور معنی‎داری کاهش داد که این کاهش با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، احتمالاً از طریق کاهش تعداد دانه در سنبله می باشد. هم‎چنین تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‎دار عملکرد بیولوژیک شد. کاربرد باکتری‎های محرک رشد به طور معنی‎داری عملکرد دانه و درصد شاخص برداشت را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. از سوی دیگر در شرایط تنش شدید (آبیاری بر اساس 160 میلی‎متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) کاربرد اسید هیومیک باعث افزایش معنی‎دار عملکرد بیولوژیک و تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، باکتری‎های محرک رشد و اسید هیومیک به‎عنوان دو نوع کود زیستی می‎توانند تا حدی برای کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The effect of irrigation intervals, humic acid and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum pseudomonas) was studied on yield and yield components of wheat (Kavir cultivar) in Fashafuyeh region, Iran in 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Main Factor was irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and humid acid and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria at two levels of application and non-application were considered as sub-factors. The result indicated that water stress significantly decreased seed yield duo to a decreased seed numbers per spike. Water stress also decreased biological yield, significantly. Application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria significantly effected seed yield and harvest index percentage. Besides, application of humid acid increased spike number per unit area and biological yield in high stress condition (irrigation after 160 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). According to the results, application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and humid acid as two important biological fertilizers can reduce inverse effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of wheat.

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