بررسی روابط بین صفات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بعضی از عناصر شیمیایی گیاه دارویی کافوری (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.) جمع‌آوری شده از رویشگاه اراک

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

تورج رحیمی ¹ (عضو هیأت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر قدس)
فرزاد پاک نژاد ² (عضو هیأت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج)
بهلول عبا سزاده ³ (دکتری زراعت، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور،)
محمدرضا اردکانی ⁴ (عضو هیأت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج)
مجید زارع ولوجردی 4 ⁵ (کارشناس ارشد، منطقه 12 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی)
معصومه لایق حقیقی ⁶ (کارشناس ارشد گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور)

تاریخ دریافت : 1389/12/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1390/08/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/07/01

کلید واژه: تجزیه علیت, همبستگی, گیاهان دارویی, عناصر, کافوری, تجزیه گام به گام,

چکیده مقاله :

به‎منظور بررسی روابط بین صفات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بعضی از عناصر شیمیایی گیاه کافوری، نمونه‎های این گیاه از رویشگاه طبیعی اراک در مرحله گل‎دهی کامل جمع‎آوری شد. صفات مورفولوژیکی مانند ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد پنجه، قطر بزرگ و کوچک تاج پوشش، عملکرد سرشاخه کل و سرشاخه گل‎دار 20 تا 40 گیاه از هر پلات اندازه‌گیری شد. هم‎چنین کلروفیل، قندهای محلول، پرولین، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلسیم، کلر و آهن گیاهان هر پلات اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از همبستگی صفات نشان داد که عملکرد سرشاخه کل با عملکرد سرشاخه گل‎دار (**97/0r=)، تعداد پنجه (**94/0r=)، قطر تاج پوشش2 (**83/0r=)، کلروفیل کل 1 (*79/0r=)، کلروفیل کل 2 (*77/0r=)، کلروفیل a (*78/0r=) و کلروفیل b (*77/0r=) همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار دارد، اما با طول ریشه (*74/0-r=)، عملکرد ریشه (**83/0-r=)، قندهای محلول (*76/0-r=)، پرولین (**94/0-r=) و کلر (*77/0-r=) همبستگی منفی معنی‌دار دارد. عملکرد سرشاخه گل‎دار با تعداد پنجه (**97/0r=)، قطر تاج پوشش1 (*77/0r=)، قطر تاج پوشش2 (**97/0r=) و کلروفیل کل1 (*74/0r=) همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار و با عملکرد ریشه (*77/0-r=)، قندهای محلول (*97/0-r=)، کلسیم (*72/0-r=) و مقدار کلر موجود در گیاه (**81/0-r=) همبستگی منفی معنی‌دار داشت. قندهای محلول با پرولین (**83/0r=)، مقدار منیزیم (**88/0r=)، کلسیم (**90/0r=) و کلر (**91/0r=) همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار داشتند. پرولین با منیزیم (*79/0r=)، کلسیم (*79/0r=) و کلر (**87/0r=) همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار داشت. در رگرسیون گام به گام اثر صفات بر عملکرد سرشاخه گل‎دار به عنوان متغیر وابسته، پنج صفت عملکرد سرشاخه کل، آهن، قطر تاج پوشش 2، کلر و قطر تاج پوشش 1 به ترتیب وارد معادله شدند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه علیت نشان داد که سرشاخه کل بالاترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت را بر عملکرد سرشاخه گل‎دار دارد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که شوری باعث کاهش اندام‌های هوایی گردیده و جذب آهن را کاهش می‌دهد، اما گیاه برای مقابله با شوری از جذب املاح و گسترش سیستم ریشه‌ای استفاده می‌نماید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits such as plant height, number of tillers, canopy diameter, total shoot yield and full flowering shoot yield were measured for 20-40 plants in each plot. The physiological traits measured were chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron. The results of correlation analysis indicated that total shoot yield had a positive significant correlation with full flowering shoot yield (r=0.97**), number of tillers (r=0.94**), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.83**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.79*), total chlorophyll 2 (r=0.77*), chlorophyll a (r=0.78*) and chlorophyll b (r=0.77*). The total shoot yield had a negative significant correlation with root length (r=-0.74*), root yield (r=-0.83**) soluble sugars (r=-0.76*), proline (r=-0.94**) and chlorine (r=-0.77). Flowering shoot yield had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers (r=0.97**), canopy diameter 1 (r=0.77*), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.97**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.74*), and a negative significant correlation with root yield (r=-0.77*), soluble sugars (r=-0.97*), calcium (r=-0.72*) and chlorine (r=-0.81**). Soluble sugars showed a positive significant correlation with proline (r=0.83**), magnesium (r=0.88**), calcium (r=0.90*) and chlorine (r=0.91**). Proline had a positive significant correlation with magnesium (r=0.79*), calcium (r=0.79*) and chlorine (r=0.97**). The results of stepwise analysis of full flowering shoots as the dependent variable, showed that five traits, i.e. total shoot yield, iron, canopy diameter 2, chlorine and canopy diameter 1 were considered in the model as independent variables. However, the result of path analysis showed that total shoot yield had the highest direct positive effect on full flowering shoot yield. Results revealed that salinity reduced aerial organs and iron absorbsion, but camphor plants increased mineral absorbsion and expanded their root systems for salinity tolerance.

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