پاسخ ارقام هیبرید جدید ذرت علوفه ای به تنش خشکی با استفاده از شاخص های تحمل به خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
مریم حاجی بابائی
1
(کارشناس ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، ورامین، ایران.)
فرهاد عزیزی
2
(استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج، کرج، ایران)
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, ذرت, شاخص های تحمل به خشکی, عملکرد علوفه خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد علوفه ارقام هیبرید جدید ذرت و ارزیابی شاخص های تحمل خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج در سال 1388 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری نرمال، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید (بترتیب آبیاری پس از 70 ،100 و130 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و فاکتور فرعی شامل 14 هیبرید ذرت بود. بر اساس عملکرد علوفه ژنوتیپ های مورد بررسی در شرایط نرمال و دارای تنش خشکی، شاخصبهرهوری متوسط (MP)،شاخص میانگین هندسی بهره وری (GMP)، شاخص تحمل به تنشSTI) )، شاخص تحمل (TOL)، شاخص عملکرد (YI)، شاخص حساسیت به تنش SSI)) و درصد تغییر صفات محاسبه شد. تجزیه واریانس شاخص های تحمل به تنش خشکی و عملکرد علوفه نشان داد که فقط شاخص بهره وری متوسط در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش ملایم و شاخص های میانگین هندسی بهره وری و شاخص عملکرد در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش شدید معنی دار بودند. همبستگی شاخص های تحمل به خشکی و عملکرد هیبریدهای مورد بررسی نشان داد که در شرایط نرمال،تنش ملایم و تنش شدید، شاخص هایGMP و MP به عنوان بهترین شاخص ها برای تعیین ارقام متحمل به تنش کم آبی برای ارزیابی هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت مشخص شدند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش، هیبریدهای K47/3-1-2-7-1-1-1×MO17 و KLM76004/3-2-1-1-1-1-1-1×K3544/1 با توجه به شاخص های مختلف به عنوان متحمل ترین هیبریدها به تنش خشکی شناسایی شدند.
In order to study the drought tolerance of new forage maize hybrids, an experiment was conducted under stress and non- stress conditions in experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj 2009. The experiment was carried out as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. The main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan class A) and 14 corn hybrids were planted in sub-plots. Mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress susceptibility index (SSI) were evaluated based on forage yield under normal and stress conditions. Analysis of variance for drought tolerance indices and forage yield showed that only mean productivity in normal and mild stress conditions, and geometric mean productivity together with yield index in non-stress and severe stress conditions were significant. The results of correlation analysis between drought tolerance indices and yield showed that GMP and MP were the best indices for determination of drought tolerant hybrids under normal, mild and sever stresses conditions. Regarding to various drought tolerant indices, hybrids K 47/3-1-2-7-1-1-1 × MO17 and KLM 76004/3-2-1-1-1-1-1-1 × K3544/1 were identified as drought tolerant hybrids.
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