اثر تنش کم آبی بر کیفیت و کمیت علوفه دو رقم سورگوم علوفه ای در منطقه جیرفت
محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
کلید واژه: اسپیدفید, تنش خشکی, پگاه, ذرت خوشهای,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور تعیین اثر سطوح تنش خشکی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی دو رقم سورگوم علوفه ای در منطقه جیرفت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری به عنوان فاکتور اصلی با تأمین 100، 66 و 33% نیاز آبی گیاه و ارقام اسپیدفید و پگاه به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. تنش آبیاری اثر معنی داری بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه از جمله وزن تر و خشک علوفه در هر دو رقم داشت. همچنین، تنش خشکی موجب کاهش عملکرد علوفه تر کل در سورگوم علوفه ای گردید. در شرایط تنش شدید 47 و متوسط 17% افت عملکرد نسبت به شرایط آبیاری معمول ایجاد شد. رقم پگاه در هر دو شرایط تنش و بدون تنش آبی عملکرد بیشتری در مقایسه با رقم اسپیدفید داشت. درصد پروتئین خام، درصد الیاف خام و درصد خاکستر با کاهش اثر تنش خشکی و بهبود شرایط تأمین آب افزایش یافت. همچنین این ویژگی های کیفی در رقم پگاه بیش از رقم اسپیدفید بود. در شرایطی که منابع آبی به عنوان عامل محدود کننده در کشت و کار سورگوم علوفه ای باشد، می توان با استفاده از ارقام مقاوم به خشکی و نیز کاهش دوره های آبیاری، به ویژه در دوره های حساس رشد گیاه، محصول علوفه مناسبی برداشت کرد.
To evaluation the effect of different drought stress levels on yield and yield components of two forge sorghum cultivars vic. Speedfeed and Pegah, an experiment was conduct in Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research Center of Jirof in 2014. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block in three replications. The main plots were three irrigation levels including 33, 66 and 100% of plant water requirement and sub plots were forage sorghum cultivars. Drought stress affected significantly on all studied traits such as fresh and dry forage yield in both cultivars. Also, drought stress caused decrement in total fresh yield in forage sorghum. In intensive and moderate drought stress fresh forage yield decreased up to 47 and 17% comparing to normal irrigation, respectively. Pegah cultivar in both stressed and none-stressed conditions had higher yield than Speedfeed. Raw protein, fiber and ash percentage increased by improvement in drought stress condition. Also, these qualitative traits in Pegah were better than Speedfeed. In deficit water condition in forage sorghum cultivation, it is possible to use drought resistant cultivars and decreasing of irrigation intervals especially in sensitive plant stages and harvest higher amounts of forage yield
10. Mousavi SGR (2005) The effect of Irrigation scheduling and planting pattern on yield and yelild components and morphological and physiological traits of forage sorghum. Final Report Project. Islamic Azad Univerity of Birjand.
11. Nakhoda B (1996) The effect of drought stress on growth indices and quantitative and qualitative yield of forage yield. Master Thesis of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modattes University, Tehran, Iran.
12. G, Siyadat SA, Kashani A (1998) Agronomy (Cereals). Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publication: Ahvaz.
13. Vladabadi SA (1999) The effect of ecophysiological drough stress on corn, sorghum and millet. PhD thesis of Agronomy, Aslamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
14. Berengner MJ, Faci JM (2001) Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable water supply. European Journal of Agronomy 15: 43-55.
15. Buxton DR (1996) Quality- related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim. Feed Sience Technology 59: 37-49.
16. Grant CA, Peterson GA, Campbell CA (2002) Nutrient considerations for diversified cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 94: 186- 198.
17. Kumari S (1988) The effects of soil moisture stress on the development and yield of millet. Agronomy Journal 57: 480-487.
18. Jafari AV, Frolich AC, Walsh EK (2003) A note on estimation of quality in perennial rye grass by near in frared spectroscopy. Irish Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 42: 293-299.
19. Misra AN (1994) Pearl millet, seedling establishment under variable soil moisture stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum 16(2): 101-103.
20. 20. Nielsen DC, Vigil MF, Benjamin JG (2006) Forage yield response to water use for dry land corn, millet and triticale in the central Great Planins. Agronomy Journal 98: 992-998.
21. Wilson JR (1981) Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species. Australian Journal Agricultural Research 34: 377-390.
_||_10. Mousavi SGR (2005) The effect of Irrigation scheduling and planting pattern on yield and yelild components and morphological and physiological traits of forage sorghum. Final Report Project. Islamic Azad Univerity of Birjand.
11. Nakhoda B (1996) The effect of drought stress on growth indices and quantitative and qualitative yield of forage yield. Master Thesis of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modattes University, Tehran, Iran.
12. G, Siyadat SA, Kashani A (1998) Agronomy (Cereals). Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publication: Ahvaz.
13. Vladabadi SA (1999) The effect of ecophysiological drough stress on corn, sorghum and millet. PhD thesis of Agronomy, Aslamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
14. Berengner MJ, Faci JM (2001) Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable water supply. European Journal of Agronomy 15: 43-55.
15. Buxton DR (1996) Quality- related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim. Feed Sience Technology 59: 37-49.
16. Grant CA, Peterson GA, Campbell CA (2002) Nutrient considerations for diversified cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 94: 186- 198.
17. Kumari S (1988) The effects of soil moisture stress on the development and yield of millet. Agronomy Journal 57: 480-487.
18. Jafari AV, Frolich AC, Walsh EK (2003) A note on estimation of quality in perennial rye grass by near in frared spectroscopy. Irish Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 42: 293-299.
19. Misra AN (1994) Pearl millet, seedling establishment under variable soil moisture stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum 16(2): 101-103.
20. 20. Nielsen DC, Vigil MF, Benjamin JG (2006) Forage yield response to water use for dry land corn, millet and triticale in the central Great Planins. Agronomy Journal 98: 992-998.
21. Wilson JR (1981) Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species. Australian Journal Agricultural Research 34: 377-390.