اثر محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه بر خصوصیات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط تنش شوری

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

محسن پورسلطان هوجقان ¹ , حسین آرویی ² , سید جلالدین طباطبائی ³ , سیدحسین نعمتی ⁴

1 - گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ مشهد، ایران
2 - گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ مشهد، ایران
3 - گروه فیزیولوژی و تغذیه گیاهی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ مشهد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/03/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/08/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/08/01

کلید واژه:  آرژنین,  پرولین,  تریپتوفان,  ضد تنش,  کود زیستی,

چکیده مقاله :

شوری آب و خاک یکی از مشکلات عمده کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان است که منجر به محدودیت کشت و کار و کاهش میزان تولید محصول می شود. یکی از راه‌های کاهش خسارت تنش شوری، استفاده از کودهای زیستی و سازگار با محیط‌زیست در فرآیند تولید محصول می‌باشد. در این راستا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شوری در سه سطح 0، 30 و 60 میلی مولار و فاکتور دوم اسیدآمینه شامل آرژنین، تریپتوفان، پرولین و بدون اسیدآمینه بود. اثرات متقابل شوری و اسیدآمینه بر تعداد خوشه، مقدار پرولین، درصد نشت الکترولیت و کلروفیل کل و اثرات ساده آنها بر طول ساقه، تعداد برگ و گره معنی دار بود. با افزایش سطح شوری، طول ساقه، تعداد برگ و تعداد گره کاهش یافت و مصرف اسیدآمینه موجب افزایش تعداد برگ شده ولی در تعداد گره و طول ساقه، پرولین اثر مثبت بیشتری نشان داد. نقش منفی تنش شوری و مثبت پرولین در تعداد خوشه و مقدار کلروفیل کل و نقش مثبت شوری در افزایش مقدار پرولین و درصد نشت الکترولیت برگ بارز بود. بنابراین، در شرایط تنش شوری در مزارع و نیز افزایش املاح خاک و آب آبیاری در گلخانه، با استفاده کودهای زیستی می توان شرایط رشد در گوجه فرنگی را بهبود بخشید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Water and soil salinity are considered as one of the major problems for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of the world which restrict cultivation and as a result, crops yield decrease. There are some solutions for reducing its damages. Among them, using bio-fertilizers and environmentally friendly in the production process can be mentioned. In this regard, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2014. The first factor was salinity in 0, 30 and 60 mM rates, and the second factor was amino acid including arginine, tryptophan and proline. The interactive effects of salinity and amino acids on the number of pancakes, proline content, electrolyte leakage percentage, total chlorophyll content, and their simple effects on stem length, the number of leaves and nodes were significant. With an increase in salinity level, stem length, the number of leaves and nodes decreased. Amino acid consumption increased the number of leaves, but proline showed a more positive effect in the number of nodes and stem length. The negative role of proline salinity and positive role of proline in the number of pancakes and total chlorophyll content and the positive role of salinity in increasing the amount of proline and the percentage of leaf electrolyte leakage were significant. Therefore, under the conditions of salt stress in the fields as well as increased soil salts and irrigation water in the greenhouse, the growth conditions in tomato can be improved by using biofertilizers.

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