Seismic Strengthening of Arches at Mount Khajeh Using FRP Rebars Under the Sarpol-e Zahab Earthquake in Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Seismic Analysis and Designmehdi shahraki 1 , abolfazl miri 2
1 - Department of Civil Engineering, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
2 - Department of Civil Engineering, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
کلید واژه: Arch, Mount Khajeh, Retrofitting, FRP Rebar, Sarpol-e Zahab,
چکیده مقاله :
Masonry arches stand out as some of the most valuable, significant, and defining components of traditional Iranian architecture. These structures have been admired throughout history for their aesthetic appeal and structural resilience, earning recognition as masterpieces of architecture and civil engineering both in Iran and globally. The Mount Khajeh archaeological site, which includes the ancient Mount Khajeh Palace and Kafro Castle from the Parthian-Sassanid era, is located in the Mount Khajeh rural district, Hamoun County, Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The arches at this historical site represent some of the most essential and treasured elements of traditional Iranian structural design. However, no prior research has been conducted to assess the seismic impacts on these arches or to propose methods for their retrofitting. This study aimed to address this gap by first developing a general model in ABAQUS to analyze the overall behavior of a representative arch. The most critical section of the arch was then isolated and modeled as a sub-representative of the entire structure. Using a simplified micro-level approach, both frictional and cohesive behaviors were incorporated at the block-mortar interfaces. Time-history dynamic analysis was performed on the selected arch using acceleration records from significant global earthquakes and one event recorded in Iran. These records were sourced from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's database. The findings reveal that, in terms of energy absorption, displacement, ductility, response modification factor, and maximum base shear, the first arch model demonstrates superior seismic resistance compared to two other arch models. Additionally, the results show that modeling and analyzing the arch in both its retrofitted and unstrengthen states significantly enhance its lateral load resistance, improve its seismic performance, and refine the crack distribution pattern. Furthermore, the application of the NSM-FRP strengthening technique minimizes damage and preserves the original appearance of the arch.
Masonry arches stand out as some of the most valuable, significant, and defining components of traditional Iranian architecture. These structures have been admired throughout history for their aesthetic appeal and structural resilience, earning recognition as masterpieces of architecture and civil engineering both in Iran and globally. The Mount Khajeh archaeological site, which includes the ancient Mount Khajeh Palace and Kafro Castle from the Parthian-Sassanid era, is located in the Mount Khajeh rural district, Hamoun County, Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The arches at this historical site represent some of the most essential and treasured elements of traditional Iranian structural design. However, no prior research has been conducted to assess the seismic impacts on these arches or to propose methods for their retrofitting. This study aimed to address this gap by first developing a general model in ABAQUS to analyze the overall behavior of a representative arch. The most critical section of the arch was then isolated and modeled as a sub-representative of the entire structure. Using a simplified micro-level approach, both frictional and cohesive behaviors were incorporated at the block-mortar interfaces. Time-history dynamic analysis was performed on the selected arch using acceleration records from significant global earthquakes and one event recorded in Iran. These records were sourced from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's database. The findings reveal that, in terms of energy absorption, displacement, ductility, response modification factor, and maximum base shear, the first arch model demonstrates superior seismic resistance compared to two other arch models. Additionally, the results show that modeling and analyzing the arch in both its retrofitted and unstrengthen states significantly enhance its lateral load resistance, improve its seismic performance, and refine the crack distribution pattern. Furthermore, the application of the NSM-FRP strengthening technique minimizes damage and preserves the original appearance of the arch.
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