Saqqakhanehs in Sangalaj Neighborhood of Tehran (Case Study of Abbas Ali Karbalai Saqqakhaneh)
محورهای موضوعی : Archaeology
Samira Nourian
1
,
Hayedeh Khamseh
2
,
Mohammad Reza Saeedi Harsini
3
1 - Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Faculty member of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch
3 - Faculty member of SAMT Organization
کلید واژه: Saqqakhaneh, Tehran, Sanglaj Neighborhood, Karbalaee Abbasali Saqaqhana,
چکیده مقاله :
Saqqakhaneh which is a non-profit building of the Islamic era, which were built in accordance with religious beliefs and values in public streets to quench the thirst and remind the event of the Karbala desert. In most Iranian cities, Saqqakhanehs play a significant role and should be considered a "socio-religious phenomenon" rooted in the ancient Iranian culture of the sanctity of water and is intertwined with Shia beliefs about the Karbala incident. The first Saqqakhanehs in Iran were built during the Safavid era when Shia became the official religion. Oldest Saqqakhaneh belongs to this period. Historically, Saqqakhanehs were an important part of urban spaces, usually constructed in crowded areas like mosques or as standalone buildings in alleys and markets. Today, there are over 290 Saqqakhanehs in Tehran, though only a few remain. Sangalaj neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of the Tehran Municipality, which has a part of the historical body of this city during the Safavid and Nasrid eras, and it was the most important neighborhood of old Tehran after Auladjan and Bazar neighborhoods. This study examines the sacred elements of water and fire in Saqqakhanehs, the factors that influenced their formation, architectural features, functions, and customs. By analyzing some of Sanglaj's old Saqqakhanehs, particularly the Karbalaee Abbasali Saqqakhaneh, one of the oldest from the Qajar period, we aim to uncover architectural features and historical mysteries. This study utilizes descriptive-analytical methods, library research, and field studies to explore existing documents and research.
Saqqakhaneh which is a non-profit building of the Islamic era, which were built in accordance with religious beliefs and values in public streets to quench the thirst and remind the event of the Karbala desert. In most Iranian cities, Saqqakhanehs play a significant role and should be considered a "socio-religious phenomenon" rooted in the ancient Iranian culture of the sanctity of water and is intertwined with Shia beliefs about the Karbala incident. The first Saqqakhanehs in Iran were built during the Safavid era when Shia became the official religion. Oldest Saqqakhaneh belongs to this period. Historically, Saqqakhanehs were an important part of urban spaces, usually constructed in crowded areas like mosques or as standalone buildings in alleys and markets. Today, there are over 290 Saqqakhanehs in Tehran, though only a few remain. Sangalaj neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of the Tehran Municipality, which has a part of the historical body of this city during the Safavid and Nasrid eras, and it was the most important neighborhood of old Tehran after Auladjan and Bazar neighborhoods. This study examines the sacred elements of water and fire in Saqqakhanehs, the factors that influenced their formation, architectural features, functions, and customs. By analyzing some of Sanglaj's old Saqqakhanehs, particularly the Karbalaee Abbasali Saqqakhaneh, one of the oldest from the Qajar period, we aim to uncover architectural features and historical mysteries. This study utilizes descriptive-analytical methods, library research, and field studies to explore existing documents and research.
1. Abbasi, I. (2008). Abnameh Tehran. Tehran, Iran: Office of Cultural Research Publication.
2. Afzal Toosi, E. A., & Mani, N. (2013). Sangabs of Isfahan, sacred Shia art. Bagh-e Nazar Magazine, 10(27), 49–60.
3. Ahmadimaleki, R. (1998). Old saqqakhanehs of Tehran. Waqf Mirath Javidan Journal, Autumn & Winter 1998, 23(24), 84–89.
4. Aminzadeh, B. (2003). Water, architecture, and urban planning in Muslim cities. Ketab-e Honarmah Journal, 56(57). Tehran, Iran: Khane Kitab Iran.
5. Anasori, J. (2003). Sultan Karbala: Description of the Ashura event and mourning rituals of Aba Abdillah al-Hussein (A.S.). Tehran, Iran: Zarin and Simin Publications.
6. Archives of Tehran City Beautification Organization
7. Atyabi, A. (2004). Saqqakhanehs of Isfahan. Journal of Folk Culture, 10, 55–61.
8. Bahar, M. (1998). From myth to history (2nd ed.). Tehran, Iran: Sarcheshmeh Publishing House.
9. Bahmanyar, H., & Talebi, M. (2015). The role of saqqakhanehs in providing Islamic identity to urban spaces in Iran with the manifestation of Ashura culture. In National Conference on Architecture and Identity-Oriented Urbanism. Mashhad, Iran.
10. Balaghi, A. H. (2007). Selected history of Tehran: Western part and suburbs. Tehran, Iran: Maziar Publishing House.
11. Bavand Consulting Engineers. (2007). Detailed plan of District 12 of Tehran. Tehran, Iran: Urban Development Planning and Management Institute.
12. Bonyadloo, N. (2002). Saqqakhanehs of Tehran. Tehran, Iran: Pajouh Cultural and Artistic Institute in collaboration with the Anthropology Research Institute of National Cultural Heritage.
13. Boyce, M. (1967). Bibi Shahrbanu and Banu Pars. Hassan Javadi Journal of Historical Investigations of Iran, 3(4), 2.
14. Center for Cultural Studies and Coordination of the Supreme Council of Culture and Art. (1976). Cultural atlas of the city of Tehran (Part III: Historical-religious buildings). Tehran, Iran: Author.
15. Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia. (2023). Great Tehran Encyclopedia (Vol. 1: 16). Retrieved from https://lib.eshia.ir/12296/1/0.
16. Dadmehr, M. (1999). Saqqakhaneh and Sangabs of Isfahan. Tehran, Iran: Golha Publications.
17. Derakhsh, S., & Basooli, M. (2021). Narratives of saqqakhaneh landscapes in Iranian cities. Manzar Magazine, 13(55), 54–61.
18. Ebrahimi, S. (2007). Saqqakhanehs of Tehran. Journal of Iranian Folk Culture, Winter 2006 & Spring 2007, 7(8), 39–56.
19. Emami, K. (1977). Saqqakhaneh (Exhibition Brochure). Tehran, Iran: Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art.
20. Eslami Nadoushan, M. A. (1984). Days. Tehran, Iran: Yazdan Publishing House.
21. Etamadi, E. (1998). Saqqakhaneh. Journal of Visual Arts, 3, 29–40.
22. Foruzandeh, M. (2013). Neo-urbanism and strategies for revitalizing worn-out urban fabrics: A case study of Sangalaj neighborhood in Tehran. Nowsazi Journal, 23, 16.
23. Haghighi Rad, B. (2022). Saqqakhaneh. Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Center for Iranian and Islamic Research. Retrieved from https://www.cgie.org.ir.
24. Hashemi, Z., & Jafari, A. A. (2016). Saqqakhaneh-making and the art of writing poetry on it: A forgotten art. In First International Conference on Arts and Industries in Iranian-Islamic Culture and Civilization with an Emphasis on Forgotten Arts. Isfahan, Iran.
25. Hooshmand, M., Danesh, B., & Qasemzadeh Kashani, S. (2015). The use of water elements in urban space design. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Architecture, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Art, and Environment; Future Horizons Looking at the Past. Tehran, Iran.
26. Jafarnejad, S. R., & Jafarnejad, S. H. (2017). The role of iconography in Takayas and Saqanfar (Saqqakhaneh) of Mazandaran. New Research in Humanities, 3(25), 87–109.
27. Kayani, M. Y. (2000). Architecture of Iran during the Islamic period. Tehran, Iran: Samt.
28. Khosravi, K. (1978). Peasant society in Iran. Tehran, Iran: Payam Publishing House.
29. Khosravi, M. B. (1999). Water in Iran's culture, art, and architecture. Art Magazine, 42, 112–120.
30. Khurshid Mansion Consulting Engineers. (2022). Restoration and revitalization plan of Karbalaee Abbasali Saqqakhaneh in Tehran. Tehran, Iran: City Beautification Organization.
31. Mostafavi, S. M. T. (1982). Historical works of Tehran (Vol. 1). Tehran, Iran: National Art Association.
32. Najmi, N. (1983). Ancient Iran and old Tehran. Tehran, Iran: Janzadeh Publishing House.
33. Najmi, N. (1985). Tehran in the era of Naseri. Tehran, Iran: Attar Publications.
34. Nazem, F., Habib, F., & Souzanchi, K. (2020). The four elements (water, soil, air, and fire): An Iranian model for urban park design. Environmental Sciences and Technology, 93, 209–223.
35. Qabili, H. (2011). Investigation of saqqakhaneh architecture from the perspective of archetypes. In First Conference on Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning. Tabriz, Iran: Tabriz University of Islamic Arts.
36. Rabbani-Khalkhali, A. (2007). The shining face of Qamar Bani Hashim Abul Fazl al-Abbas (A.S.) (Vol. 4). Qom, Iran: Maktab al-Hussein (A.S.).
37. Rasooli-Nejad, G., Moradi, M., & Alizadeh, M. (2021). Historical developments of Tehran, especially the Tajrish neighborhood, and the impact of historical changes on architecture. In 6th National Conference on Architecture and Sustainable Urbanism. Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran.
38. Ravandi, M. (1980). Social history of Iran: Volume four, methods of governance and political and administrative organization after Islam, part two. Tehran, Iran: Amir Kabir Publishing House.
39. Sarshar, H. (2002). Shaaban Jafari (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Nab Publishing House.
40. Satarifard, S. (2013). Saqqakhanehs: An expression of the identity of Iranian cities. In Conference on Architecture and Sustainable Development. Bukan, Iran.
41. Shahri, J. (1992). Old Tehran (2nd ed.). Tehran, Iran: Moin Publishing House.
42. Shindashtgol, H. (2003). The face of water. Ketab Mah-e Honar Journal, 57(58), 126–129.
43. Tabibi, H. (1989). Foundations of sociology and anthropology of nomads and tribes. Tehran, Iran: [Publisher Missing].
44. Yavari, A. (1980). Knowledge of traditional Iranian agriculture. Tehran, Iran: Book Translation and Publishing Company.
45. Zarei, M. I., & Habibi, H. (2013). Saqqakhaneh and the evolution of Iranian thought in the background of this type of building: A case study of Mirza Shahrekord's Saqqakhaneh. Journal of Archaeological Research in Iran, Spring & Summer 2013, 4, 37–56.
46. Zarei, S., & Golzarian, M. (2012). Concepts in saqqakhaneh architecture influenced by the Shia school. In First National Conference of New Ideas and Technologies in Architecture. Tabriz, Iran.
47. Zavosh, C. M. (1991). Tehran at the crossroads of Iran's history (H. Maleki, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Esharat Publishing.
