ارزیابی عملکرد مدل‌های EPA SWMM و ASSA و SewerGEMS در تحلیل سیلاب شهری جمع آوری شده توسط شبکه زهکش‌های سطحی (مطالعه موردی شهر جدید لار)
محورهای موضوعی : برگرفته از پایان نامهمحمد رفیع رفیعی 1 , داریوش رسولی 2 , مسیح ذوالقدر 3 , مهدی مهبد 4
1 - استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، صندوق پستی 74135-111، جهرم، ایران.
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، صندوق پستی 74135-111، جهرم، ایران.
3 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، صندوق پستی 74135-111، جهرم، ایران.
4 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، صندوق پستی 74135-111، جهرم، ایران.
کلید واژه: تحلیل حساسیت, رواناب شهری, واسنجی و اعتبار سنجی مدل‌های شبیه‌سازی سیلاب شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده مقدمه: مدل‌سازی بارش-رواناب یکی از روش‌های مهم در مطالعه هیدرولوژی و مدیریت زیست‌محیطی به‌ویژه در مناطق شهری است که در آن سیل‌های ناگهانی خسارات مالی و جانی قابل‌توجهی را به دنبال دارد. بر این اساس، مدل‌های مختلفی برای شبیه‌سازی سیل شهری توسعه داده شده است که از بین آنها انتخاب بهترین آنها در ادبیات مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. روش: دقت مکانی و زمانی مدل هیدرولوژیکی SWMM در قالب سه نرم‌افزار EPA SWMM و ASSA و Bently SewerGEMS V8i و مدل‌های SCS TR-55، SCS TR-20، Rational، Dekalb Rational، Santabarbara UH در قالب نرم‌افزار ASSA و مدل SCS UH در قالب نرم‌افزار Bently SewerGEMS V8i جهت برآورد هیدروگراف و دبی پیک رواناب در منطقه مطالعاتی بررسی گردید. مدل‌ها با به‌کارگیری داده‌های عمق و سرعت رواناب اندازه‌گیری شده در سه نقطه ازشبکه در سه واقعه بارندگی، واسنجی و با استفاده از سه واقعه مجزای دیگر، اعتبارسنجی شده‌اند. شاخص‌های ارزیابی عبارتند از: ضریب ناش-ساتکلیف، ضریب بایاس، ضریب تعیین و ریشه مربع خطا. یافته ها: از بین مدل‌های مورد بررسی، مدل‌های SWMM در قالب هر سه نرم‌افزار بیشترین دقت را در شبیه سازی رواناب داشته‌اند. مدل SWMM در قالب نرم‌افزار EPA SWMM بالاترین دقت را در شبیه سازی شکل کلی هیدروگراف و دبی اوج رواناب داشته و سپس به ترتیب مدل SWMM در قالب نرم‌افزار SewerGEMS V8i و ASSA دقت بیشتری داشته‌اند. بر اساس روش‌های پارامتر جزئی و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، بیشترین حساسیت خروجی مدل به‌ترتیب در درصد مناطق نفوذ ناپذیر، عرض معادل، ضریب مانینگ مناطق نفوذ ناپذیر، عمق چالابی مناطق نفوذ ناپذیر، درصد مناطق غیر‌قابل نفوذ بدون ذخیره چالابی، عمق چالابی مناطق نفوذ پذیر و شماره منحنی نفوذ مشاهده گردید. مدل به ضریب زبری مناطق نفوذ پذیر حساسیت نشان نداد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که مدل EPA SWMM نسبت به سایر مدل‌ها، دقت بیشتری در شبیه‌سازی رواناب در منطقه مطالعاتی داشته و می‌تواند جهت طرح‌های مدیریت رواناب حوضه‌های شهری مشابه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Abstract Introduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is considered one of the important methods in the study of hydrology and environmental management, especially in urban areas, in which sudden floods lead to significant financial and human losses. Thereupon, various models have been developed for urban flood simulation, among which selecting the best, is of significant consideration in the literature. Methods: Runoff peak flow and hydroghs measured in three nodes of an urban drainage network were applied for both spatial and temporal evaluation of the SWMM hydrological model in EPA SWMM, ASSA and Bently SewerGEMS V8i softwares. Other rainfall-runoff models also evaluated were SCS TR-55, SCS TR-20, Rational, Dekalb Rational, Santabarbara UH models (in ASSA software) and SCS UH model (in SewerGEMS V8i software). The models were calibrated considering the measurements during three precipitation events, and then validated by the measured data of three other events. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient along with the BIAS coefficient, the Coefficient of Determination and the Root Mean Square Error were used as the efficiency indicators. Findings: The measured runoff peak flow and hydrograph were most compatible with those simulated by SWMM models of EPA SWMM, SewerGEMS V8i and ASSA softwares, respectively. Regarding the results of the partial parameter and the Spearman correlation coefficient methods, model outputs were most sensitive to the percentage of impervious areas, equivalent width, roughness coefficient of impervious areas, the depth of depression of impervious and pervious areas, the percentage of impervious areas without surface storage and the curve number, respectively. The model was not sensitive to the roughness of the permeable areas. The results suggest EPA SWMM as the software with more reliable simulation results for runoff management projects in the study area and urban basins alike.
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