تبیین مؤلفه‌های کالبدی در شکل‌گیری هویت مکان خیابان‌های شهری: مطالعه موردی خیابان شریعتی تبریز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریمحسن احد نژاد 1 , مهدی اشلقی 2
1 - دانشگاه زنجان
2 - دانش‌آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
کلید واژه: شهر تبریز, مؤلفه‌های کالبدی, هویت مکان, خیابان شریعتی,
چکیده مقاله :
اگر هویت مکان را در قالب «مکان به مثابه مادی»، «مکان به مثابه فضامندی اجتماعی»، و «مکان به مثابه تفاوت تجربی و روانی افراد از فضا» مقوله‌بندی نماییم، نوشتار پیش رو کوشیده است که در تبیین هویت مکان فضای خیابانی از منظر پوزیتیویستی و پدیدارشناختی بر مولفه نخست آن یعنی فضا به مثابه محیط مادی که خود آفریننده تعامل اجتماعی و شناخت فضایی است را مورد واکاوی قرار دهد. در راستای این هدف، پژوهش حاضر در پی شناخت میزان تاثیرات مستقیم مولفه‌های کالبدی در متن فضای خیابانی شریعتی تبریز است. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی و همبستگی است. در ابتدا به تاثیر فرم فضایی از طریق ویژگی کاربری‌های بزرگ مقیاس، تنوع و اختلاط کاربری‌ها، ویژگیهای بافت شهری منطقه(میزان تراکم مسکونی و جمعیتی)، تعداد طبقات ساختمان‌ها، دانه‌بندی قطعات ساختمانی، امکان نفوذپذیری در بین ساختمان‌ها، دسترس‌پذیری در امکان دسترسی آسان به فضای عمومی از فضای خیابانی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت .برای تحلیل این مولفه‌ها در فضای خیابانی ناحیه‌شریعتی، مدل‌های تابع فاصله اقلیدسی، شبکه‌های عصبی، و آمار فضایی در محیط ArcGIS استفاده گردید. همچنین برای بررسی میزان تأثیر مولفه‌های کالبدی خیابان بر هویت مکان، داده‌های میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه گردآوری و سپس با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
نتایج بررسی نقشه‌ها نشان می‌دهد که خیابان شریعتی تبریز دارای ویژگیهای کالبدی باکیفیت و قابل قبول است که می‌بایست مورد توجه عمیق قرار گیرد. نقشه‌ها نشان دادند که ویژگیهای کالبدی و فضایی خیابان شریعتی تبریز می‌توانند به عنوان عوامل ایجاد و توسعه هویت مکان مورد توجه قرار بگیرند. نتیجه مدل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های کالبدی با ضریب تعیین 79 درصد، نقش زیادی در توسعه هویت مکان خیابان شریعتی تبریز ایفا می‌کند. از این بین، متغیر تنوع فعالیت و کاربری با ضریب بتای 49 درصد، بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را در شکل‌گیری هویت مکان دارد.
If we categorize the identity of place as a result of spatio-social construction of physical structure (objective), activity (human and nonhuman) and meaning (memory), this study has tried to explain identity of place in street’s space from the perspective of positivist and Phenomenological geography, explore these three components in relation to each other. The purpose of this study is to identify the direct and indirect effects of physical and mental components in the context of Shariati street space in Tabriz in creating social interaction and spatial recognition in order to assess the identity of place this street. This research is a descriptive-analytical and correlational research, and has been collected from library and field methods in terms of applied purpose and in relation to data collection method. Initially, due to the influence of spatial form through the characteristics of large-scale uses, diversity and mixing of uses, characteristics of the urban texture of the region (residential and population density), number of floors of buildings, granulation of building parts, possibility permeability between buildings, accessibility in the possibility of easy access to public space from the street space of Shariati area were analyzed. To analyze these components in the street space of Shariati area, euclidean distance models, neurological networks, and spatial statistics were used in ArcGIS environment. also, to investigate the effect of physical components of the street on identity of place, field data were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using a linear multivariate regression model. The results of the study and analysis of the maps in the physical factor analysis show that in the whole Shariati St. of Tabriz has high quality and acceptable physical characteristics.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Streets are the link between other public spaces and the urban form and mental image of the city, and the place where the theory of experience connects, so in the discussion of public spaces, no element is more important or even more difficult than the street. Considering the vital role of the street and its comprehensive presence in all areas, this paper will focus on qualities from a combined perspective of positivist and phenomenological geography that create the ground for identity of place as an inviting, pedestrian and attractive street. Therefore, corresponding to this view, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1) How are the components of identity of place in modern Shariati street spaces of Tabriz city formed from physical and mental dimensions? 2) How does knowing the physical and mental dimensions of the materiality of space affect the formation of Shariati’s identity of place Street in Tabriz?
Methodology
The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data were collected using quantitative models and field studies (researcher-made questionnaire). Therefore, due to the nature of the subject studied in this article to answer the research question about the identity of place in the street space of Shariati district of Tabriz, one of the models 1) "Euclidean distance function" in ArcGIS environment; 2) neural networks, 3) the use of spatial statistics. 4) Also in this article, in order to study the spatial composition of land uses, the focal statistics method, which is one of the spatial analysis statistics in GIS environment, has been used; Analytical-descriptive and correlational methods have been used to analyze the effect of physical components on the location of Shariati St. in Tabriz. The statistical population includes the visitors and users of Shariati Street, which is about one hundred thousand people daily. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula and 350 people were obtained. In order to rand and achieve a better result, the sample size was increased to 400 people. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire also showed that the research tool has high validity and reliability. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the number 85, which indicates a good result, was obtained. Multivariate regression model (via SPSS software) was used to analyze the variables.
Results and discussion
. In this study, the physical and spatial characteristics of Tabriz city street were studied using different maps and models. Also, the relationships between variables and the effect of physical components on identity of place were analyzed through multivariate regression model.
Conclusion
The results of studying the maps showed that Shariati St. in Tabriz is in a good condition in terms of physical and spatial components and in terms of permeability, access to street space, population density and activities, urban texture, architecture and aesthetics, diversity of use, etc. It is acceptable and if the existing defects are taken into account and the defects are eliminated, the desired physical condition in this street can be achieved. The results of regression model showed that the six components studied have the ability to predict 79% of changes and the formation of identity of place. According to regression coefficients, among these six variables, the variables of building density and visual quality did not have a positive and significant effect on identity of place. The variable of land use diversity and activities had the greatest effect on place identity and was recognized as the most important variable affecting identity of place.
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