سازگاری با طلاق : تاملی بر تجربه‌ زیسته‌ زنان مطلقه از سازگاری با طلاق

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

سهیلا باستانی ¹ , مریم غلامزاده جفره ² , منصور سودانی ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مشاوره، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 - استاد یار، گروه مشاوره، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
3 - استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: زنان, پدیدار شناسی, پژوهش کیفی, سازگاری با طلاق,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تجربه‌ زیسته‌ زنان مطلقه از سازگاری با طلاق بود. روش تحقیق کیفی از نوع پدیدار شناسی بود. جامعه‌آماری زنان مطلقه شهر شیراز در سال 99- 98بودند که در نهایت 10 نفر از آن ها با نمونه گیری هدفمند مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری بود. داده ها با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌های حاصل از این پژوهش سازگاری با طلاق در زنان را بر اساس ۳ مضمون تحلیل می‌نماید. 1- خانواده منبع مؤثر در رسیدن به سازگاری ۲- رشد تاب آوری فردی ۲- افزایش تاب آوری اجتماعی. براین اساس ، حمایت عاطفی و پشتیبانی مادی خانواده از فرد مطلقه، عوامل مهمی هستند که جهت گیری خانواده را در فرایند رسیدن به سازگاری نشان می‌دهند. جنبه‌های فردی سوگواری بر طلاق، مدیریت هیجانات، پذیرش طلاق، حرکت به سوی تعالی، پیوند با معنویت بیان کننده اثرگذاری تاب‌آوری فردی بر سازگاری با طلاق می‌باشند. در عین حال کسب حمایت‌های اجتماعی، کسب درآمد و رسیدن به استقلال مالی جهت گیری عوامل اجتماعی را در رشد تاب آوری اجتماعی افراد مطلقه درک پذیر می‌کنند.
یافته‌ها نشان دهنده‌ ضرورت توجه همه جانبه به مسائل زنان مطلقه پس از جدایی و انجام اقداماتی مؤثر جهت توانمندسازی آنان پس از جدایی می‌باشد. ضروری است که سیاستمداران و متولیان حوزه خانواده با انجام اقدامات مؤثر همچون برگزاری کارگاه‌های توانمند سازی پس از طلاق نسبت به رفع آسیب های پس از این بحران در زنان مطلقه برنامه‌ریزی نمایند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of divorced women in adjusting to divorce.
Methods: The qualitative research method of phenomenology was used in this study. The statistical population included divorced women in Shiraz in 2019-2020. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Finally, ten divorced women were selected using semi-structured interviews and theoretical saturation. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using the thematic analysis method.
Results: The results of the qualitative data analysis revealed the main themes and 12 sub-themes. The main themes were 1) family as an effective source in achieving adjustment, 2) individual resilience, and 3) social resilience. The theme of family as an effective source in achieving adjustment included the two sub-themes: emotional support, material support, and the individual resilience theme comprised the five sub-themes of mourning, spirituality, accepting divorce, moving towards excellence, and controlling emotions. The theme of social growth included the three sub-themes of social communication management, economic stability, and job consolidation. The findings of this study indicate the need for thorough attention to the issues of divorced women after divorce and effective measures to empower them to achieve post-divorce adjustment.

منابع و مأخذ:

Wallerstein JS. The long – term effects of divorce on children: A review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.1991; 30(3): 349-360.  [ link]

2. Bastani S, Gholamzadeh Jofreh M, Sodani M." Divorce Adjustment: Reflaction on Divorced Womenss Lived Experience of Divorce Adjustment".Journal of Counseling Research Iranian Counseling Associaton.2022, Vo1.21, No. 82 summer 2022. Doi:10.18502/ qjcr. v22i82.10109.

3. Schaan VK, Schulz A, Schachinger H, Vogele C. Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk to develop mental disorders in women. J. Affect. Disord. 2019; 257: 91-99. [link] [Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.071

 

4. Lin IF,Brown L. Consequences of Later Life Divorce and Widowhoo for Adult Well- Being : A Call for the Convalescence Model . Journal of Family Theory & Review.2020;12 (2) :264-277.

5. Davari Najafabadi A, Lotfi Kahrizsangi Z, Fathullahi AHA. comparative study of adjustment after divorce in women and men. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies and Educational Sciences. 2021; 21(4): 489-512.

6. Capozzi D, Stauffer DM. Couples, marriage, and family counseling. (Navabinejad S, Saadati N, Rostami M, Trans.). Tehran: Jangal Publication; 2015.

7. Lin IF,Brown L. Consequences of Later Life Divorce and Widowhoo for Adult Well- Being : A Call for the Convalescence Model. Journal of Family Theory & Review.2020; 12(2) :264-277.

8. Glading,S.(2002).Family  Therapy: History,Theory,and Prentice Hall: New Jercy

9. Zohrabiyan E, Sanaie Zaker B, Kiamanesh A, Zahrakar K. Comparison of the efficacy of emotion – focused therapy and self- esteem of divorced. Journal of Psychological Science. 2022, 21(109): 207-227.

10. Qamar AH, Faiazan,HF. Reason ,Impact and Post – Divorce Adjustment: Lived Experience of Divorce Women in Pakistan.Journal of Divorce & Remarrige.2021; 1-26 [doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2021.1871840]

11. Kramrei E, Coit C, Martin S, Fogo W, Mahoney A. Post-divorce adjustment and social relationships: A meta-analytic review. J. Divorce Remarriage. 2007; 46(3-4): 145-166. [Doi:10.1300/J087v46n03_09]

12.Amato PR. Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. J Marriage Fam. 2010; 72(3): 650–666. [Doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723]

13. Yasumitsu J, Satoko A.  Reliability and validity of the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale: Japanese and Japanese short versions. J. Divorce Remarriage. 2020; 61(7): 487-503. [Doi: 10.1080/10502556.2020.1768493]

14. Levin ME, Haeger JA, Pierce BG, Twohig MP. Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college student: A randomized controlled trial. Behav. Modif. 2017; 41(1): 141-62. [Doi: 10.1177/0145445516659645]

15. Leopold T, Kalmijn M. Is divorce more painful when couples have children? Evidence from long-term panel data on multiple domains of well-being. Demography. 2018; 53(6): 1717–1742. [Doi:10.1007/s13524-016-0518-2]

16. Potter MH. Social Support and Divorce among American Couples. J. Fam. 2021; 42(1): 88-109. [ DOI: 10.1177/0192513X20916830]

17. Fisher B, Robert A. Rebuilding: When your relationship ends. (Sahebi A. Trans). Tehran: Arjmand Publications; 2019.

18. Shah Beik S, Khaneh Keshi A, Khan Mohammadi A. Coping strategies and non-divorce females: A comparative study. J. Health. Promot. Manag. 2018; 7(2):44-50.

19. Eftekhari A. The Prediction of Divorce Adjustment through Emotional Adjustment with Emphasis on Gender Considerations. J. Community Health Res. 2021; 10(3):185-194. [Doi:10.18502/jchr. v10i3]

20. Asanjarani F, Jazayeri RS, Fateghizade M, Etemadi O. Effectiveness of community based-intervention on adjustment to divorce in divorced women. Cons. Res. Dev. 2019; 17(68): 4-21.

21. Haghjou M, Fallah MH, Asi Mozneb A, Vaziri Yazdi S. Effectivness of integrated therapy based on Perception of lived experiences of divorced women on post- divorce adjustment and emotional autonomy. Razi J Med Sci. 2020; 27(10): 73-82.

22. Fazel P, Tahmasebi Garmtani S, Hosseini Alamdani SA. post- divorce coaching: a new intervention to facilitate divorce adjustment. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2020; 7(1): 153-175. URL://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/articlr-1-885-fa.pdf

23. Lebow JL. The challenges of COVID‐19 for divorcing and post‐divorce families. Fam. Process. 2020; 59(3): 967-973. [Doi: 10.1111/famp.12574]

24. Kołodziej-Zaleska A, Przybyła-Basista H. The role of ego-resiliency in maintaining post-divorce well-being in initiators and non-initiators of divorce. J. Divorce Remarriage. 2020; 61(5): 366-383. [Doi: 10.1080/10502556.2020.1768487]

25. DeAnda, JS, Langlais MR, Anderson, ER, Greene SM. After the marriage is over: Mothers' separation distress and children's postdivorce adjustment. Fam. Relat. 2020; 69(5): 1113-1127. [Doi:10.1111/fare.12434]

26. Rodriguez‐Moreno S, Vázquez, JJ, Roca P, Panadero S. Differences in stressful life events between men and women experiencing homelessness. J. Community Psychol. 2021; 49(2): 375-389. ‏ [Doi: 10.1002/jcop.22465]

27. Khan, TA, Hamid W. Lived experiences of divorced women in Kashmir: A phenomenological study. J. Gend. Stud. 2020; 30(4): 1-16. ‏[Doi: 10.1080/09589236.2020.1826295]

28. Lamela D, Figueiredo B, Bastos A. A moderated cumulative model of personality adjustment in divorced adults: implications for counselling. Br. J. Guid. Couns. 2018; 46(6): 679-693. [Doi: 10.1080/03069885.2017.1335854] ‏

29. Chan Lai Cheng J, Pfeifer JE. Postdivorce adjustment in Singapore: factors, themes, and positive growth. J. Divorce Remarriage. 2015; 56(6): 429-450.‏ [Doi: 10.1080/10502556.2015.1058657]

30. Jeloyari F, Kazemian S, Naeimi E, Motamedi A. A qualitative assessment of strategies affecting adaptability in the post-divorce adaptation process: knowledge based on the experience of divorced women. Psychol. Sci. 2021; 20(105): 1513-1534. [Doi: 10.52547/JPS.20.105.1513]

31. Nazarifar M, Mansoor S, Khojasteh Mehr R, Farhadirad H. Explanation of factors influencing divorced woman’s adjustment after divorce: A qualitative study. J. Qual. Res. Health. Sci. 2017; 6(4): 477-492.

32. Vaezi K. Coping Strategies of Women with Post-Divorce Conditions. J. Couns. Res. 2019; 17(68): 172-191.

33. Vafaei L, Soleimaninan AA, Mohammadzade Ebrahimi A. The Effectiveness of “Forgiveness-Based Group Counseling” on Post-Divorce Women's Adjustment. J. Health. Promot. Manage. 2020; 9(2): 11-21.

34-Nazari Far M, Soudani M, Khojsteha Mehr R, Farhadi Rad H. Clarifying the effective factors in post-divorce adjustment in divorced women: a qualitative research. J. Qual. Res. Health. Sci. 2018; 6(4): 477-492.

35. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research (Afshar A, Trans). Tehran: Nashr Ney; 2018.

36. Creswell JW. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2007.

37.Giorgi AP, The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. In. Camic PM, Rhodes JE, Yardley L. (Eds), Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodological and design: American Psychological Association J Mens Health. 2003; 10 (1): 3-7.

38.Van Gasse D, Mortelmans D. Reorganizing the single‐parent family system: Exploring the process perspective on divorce. Family Relations. 2020; 69(5): 1100-1112. ‏[Doi: 10.1111/fare.12432]

39. Montse S, Laia F, Carles SN. Jeroen S. Divorce and Gendered Family (Re) Configurations in a Sample of Employed and Higher Educated Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2020.

40. Solsona M, Ferrer L, Simó-Noguera C, Spijker J. Divorce and gendered family (re) configurations in a sample of employed and higher educated mothers and fathers. J. Divorce Remarriage. 2020; 61(7): 463-486. [Doi:10.1080/10502556.2020.1768492]

41. Slanbekova G, Chung MC, Abildina S, Sabirova R, Kapbasova G, Karipbaev B. The impact of coping and emotional intelligence on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder from past trauma, adjustment difficulty, and psychological distress following divorce. J Ment Health. 2017; 26(4): 334-341. ‏[Doi: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1322186]

42. Dyer JET, Hagedorn WB. Navigating bereavement with spirituality‐based interventions: Implications for non‐faith‐based counselors. Couns. Values. 2013; 58(1): 69-84 ‏[Doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.2013.00026.x]

43. Bauer JJ, Schwab JR, McAdams DP. self-Actualizing: where ego development finaly feels goog? J. Humanist. Psychol. 2016; 39(2): 121-136. [Doi: 10.1080/08873267.2011.564978]

44.Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association; 2015.

45. Zarifkhah F, Hosseini N, Seyyed S, Islamzadeh A. The effectiveness of life skills training on adaptation, quality of life, and distress tolerance of divorced women referring to social emergency in Yasouj city. The 8th National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies. Tehran; 2019.

46. Shafiei S, Asgari Mohammadi ABR. Life skills. Journal of New Developments in Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Education. 2019; 3 (22): 51-63.