عوامل چندسطحی موثر بر شمولیت اجتماعی زنان در ورزش
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعه
مهشید قلی پور
1
,
فرزاد غفوری
2
,
جواد شهلائی باقری
3
,
غلامرضا شعبانی بهار
4
,
هولگر پروس
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علّامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
5 - استاد گروه اقتصاد، جامعه¬شناسی و تاریخ ورزش، دانشگاه یوهانس¬گوتنبرگ، ماینز، آلمان
کلید واژه: کلیشه جنسیتی, جنسیت¬¬گرایی, طرد اجتماعی, شمولیت اجتماعی, ورزش,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل چند سطحی موثر بر شمولیت اجتماعی زنان در ورزش انجام گرفت.
روش: این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش های کیفی چند روشی بوده و برای گردآوری داده ها از مصاحبه، تحلیل اسناد ثانویه و مشاهده شرکت کنندگان استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه متخصصین و پژوهشگران ورزش زنان، جامعه شناسان ورزش، روان شناسان ورزش، مربیان با سابقه در حوزه ورزش زنان و کلیه زنانی بود که حداقل یک روز در هفته در فعالیت های ورزشی مشارکت داشتند. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی با 28 نفر مصاحبه شد. برای تحلیل داده های پژوهش از روش بررسی میکروسکوپی داده ها استفاده شده و دادهها بر اساس مراحل تحلیلی استراوس و کوربین (1998) دسته بندی شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد عوامل گوناگون در سطوح کلان، میانی و خرد بر ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای شمولیت اجتماعی زنان در ورزش تاثیرگذارند؛ علاوه بر این توسعه اجتماعی همه جانبه در سطح جامعه نیز به طور قابل توجهی بر این پویایی ها اثر گذاشته و در نهایت منجر به شمولیت اجتماعی زنان در ورزش می شود.
نتیجه گیری: این نتایج می تواند به سازمان های متولی ورزش در جهت برنامه ریزی صحیح و به کارگیری شیوه های موثر برای شمولیت کلیه زنان در ورزش کمک کرده، گامی موثر در راستای تحقق عدالت اجتماعی در کشور باشد.
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying multilevel factors affecting the social inclusion of women in sports.
Methods: This study was multimethod qualitative research, and interviews, analysis of secondary documents and observation of participants were used to collecting data. The population included experts and researchers of women's sports, sports sociologists, sports psychologists, coaches with experience in the field of women's sports and all women who participated in sports activities at least one day a week. Twenty-eight people were interviewed using the snowball sampling method. The microscopic examination of data method was used to analyze the research data, and the data were categorized based on Strauss and Corbin (1998) analytical steps.
Findings: The results of the research showed that various factors at the macro, meso and micro levels had an effect on creating suitable conditions for the social inclusion of women in sports; In addition, comprehensive social development at the community level also significantly affects these dynamics and ultimately leads to the social inclusion of women in sports.
Conclusion: These results can help the organizations in charge of sports in order to properly plan and use effective methods for the inclusion of all women in sportsand can be an effective step towards the realization of social justice in the country.
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