پاسخ مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه ژینورا (Gyrantiaca aurantiaca) به کاربرد اسید هیومیک و ورمی کمپوست
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتیلی لی فاتح نژاد 1 , ابوالفضل جوکار 2
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز. شیراز، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز. شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: فعالیت آنزیم آنتی‌اکسیدانی, کود زیستی, میزان کلروفیل, کشاورزی پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر اسید هیومیک و ورمی‌کمپوست به عنوان کودهای طبیعی خاک بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه Gynura aurantiaca می‌پردازد. برای تعیین تأثیر این مواد در دوزهای مختلف بر رشد و فعالیت آنزیم آنتی‌اکسیدانی ژینورا، از ورمی‌کمپوست (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و اسید هیومیک (0، 0/25، 0/5، 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم) در خاک استفاده شد. خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی G.aurantiaca شامل طول ساقه، سطح برگ، قطر ساقه، قطر برگ، وزن ریشه‌ها و اندام هوایی تازه و خشک و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی آن شامل میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل مواد جامد محلول و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شیراز در سال 1398 انجام شد. گیاهان تیمار شده با اسید هیومیک 5/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم در ترکیب با ورمی‌کمپوست 6 درصد باعث افزایش وزن خشک ریشه شدند. 1 گرم در کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک به همراه 6 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست باعث افزایش سطح برگ، قطر ساقه، قطر برگ، ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و همچنین فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی پراکسیداز و کاتالاز شد. میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل بهبود یافته در گیاهان تیمار شده با 5/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک در ترکیب 4 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مصرف همزمان اسید هیومیک و ورمی‌کمپوست برای بهبود رشد گیاهان ژینورا قابل توصیه است.
This study investigated the effect of humic acid and vermicompost as natural soil fertilizers on morphophysiological characteristics in Gynura aurantiaca. To determine the effect of these substances at different doses on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Gynura, vermicompst (0, 2, 4 and 6%) and humic acid (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) were applied at soil applications. Morphological characteristics of G.aurantiaca including stem length, leaf area, stem diameter, leaf diameter, the weight of fresh and dry roots and shoots and its physiological and biochemical characteristics including the content of chlorophyll a, b and total, soluble solids, and antioxidant enzymes activity were studied. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Shiraz University in 2019. Treated plants with 0.5 g/kg humic acid in combination with 6% vermicompost increased the root dry weight. 1 g/kg humic acid in co-application with 6% vermicompost enhanced leaf area, stem diameter, leaf diameter, plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight as well as the antioxidant enzymes activity of POD and CAT. The improved chlorophyll a, b and total contents were observed in plants treated with 0.5 g/kg humic acid in combination 4 % vermicompost. These results indicate that co application of humic acid and vermicompost is a useful fertilizer to improve growth in Gynura plants.
Ahmad, I., Usman Saquib, R., Qasim, M., Saleem, M., Sattar Khan, A. and Yaseen, M. 2013. Humic acid and cultivar effects on growth, yield, vase life, and corm characteristics of gladiolus. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73(4): 339-344.
Anwar, M., Patra, D. D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A. A. and Khanuja, S. P. S. 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36(13-14):1737-1746.
Aremu, A. O., Masondo, N. A. and van Staden, J. 2014. Physiological and phytochemical responses of three nutrient-stressed bulbous plants subjected to vermicompost leachate treatment. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(3): 721-731.
Arnon, D.T. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolation chloroplast phenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15.
Atiyeh, R. M., Subler, S., Edwards, C. A., Bachman, G., Metzger, J. D., and Shuster, W. 2000. Effects of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticultural container media and soil. Pedobiologia, 44(5): 579-590.
Baldotto, M. A. and Baldotto, L. E. B. 2013. Gladiolus development in response to bulb treatment with different concentrations of humic acids. Revista Ceres, 60:138-142.
Befrozfar, M. R., Habibi, D., Asgharzadeh, A., Sadeghi-Shoae, M. and Tookalloo, M. R. 2013. Vermicompost, plant growth promoting bacteria and humic acid can affect the growth and essence of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Annals of Biological Research, 4(2): 8-12.
Berbara, R. L. and García, A. C. 2014. Humic substances and plant defense metabolism. In: Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies in plants under changing environment. Springer, New York, NY, 297-319.
Boogar, A. R., Shirmohammadi, E. and Geikloo, A. 2014. Effect of humic acid application on qualitative characteristic and micronutrient status in (Petunia hybrida L.). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(9):15-19.
Borji, S., Khodadadi, M. and Mobasser, H. R. 2014. Effect of different levels of vermicompost on growth characteristics and flowering geranium. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 3(3): 307-309.
Canellas, L. P., Olivares, F. L., Aguiar, N. O., Jones, D. L., Nebbioso, A., Mazzei, P. and Piccolo, A. 2015. Humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196:15-27
Chaichi, W., Djazouli, Z., Zebib, B. and Merah, O. 2018. Effect of vermicompost tea on faba bean growth and yield. Compost Science & Utilization, 26(4): 279-285.
Chen, J., Henny, R. J. and Caldwell, R. D. 2002. Ethephon suppresses flowering and improves the aesthetic value of purple passion plant (Gynura aurantiaca). Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 20(4): 228-231.
Cui, J., Wei, X., Deng, M. and Chen, J. 2019. Regeneration of Gynura aurantiaca ‘Purple Passion’via indirect shoot organogenesis. Scientia Horticulturae, 246: 176-181.
Edwards, C. A., Dominguez, J. and Aranconl, N. Q. 2004. The influence of vermicomposts on plant growth and pest incidence. In: Soil zoology for sustainable development in the 21st century (Shakir S.H., Mikhaïl Mikhail W.Z.A., eds) Self-Publisher, Cairo, Egypt. pp. 396-419.
Fan, H. M., Li, T., Sun, X., Sun, X. Z. and Zheng, C. S. 2015. Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on the postharvest vase life extension in cut chrysanthemum flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 101: 82-87.
Gajalakshmi, S. and Abbasi, S. A. 2002. Effect of the application of water hyacinth compost/vermicompost on the growth and flowering of Crossandra undulaefolia, and on several vegetables. Bioresource Technology, 85(2): 197-199.
Garcia, A. C., Santos, L. A., de Souza, L. G. A., Tavares, O. C. H., Zonta, E., Gomes, E. T. M., and Berbara, R. L. L. 2016. Vermicompost humic acids modulate the accumulation and metabolism of ROS in rice plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 192: 56-63.
Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59(2): 309-14.
Haghighi, M., Kafi, M. and Fang, P. 2012. Photosynthetic activity and N metabolism of lettuce as affected by humic acid. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 18(2): 182-189.
Hatamzadeh, A. 2011. The influence of vermicompost on the growth and productivity of cymbidiums. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9(2): 125-132.
Hernández, R., García, A., Portuondo, L., Muñiz, S., Berbara, R. and Izquierdo, F. 2012. Protección antioxidativa de los ácidos húmicos extraídos de vermicompost en arroz (Oryza sativa L.) var. IACuba30. Revista de Protección Vegetal, 27(2): 102-110.
Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. and Levy, M. (eds.). 1992. The new royal horticultural society dictionary of gardening. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
Ievinsh, G., Vikmane, M., Ķirse, A. and Karlsons, A. 2017. Effect of vermicompost extract and vermicompost-derived humic acids on seed germination and seedling growth of hemp. In: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, De Gruyter Poland, 71(4): 286.
Joshi, R., Singh, J. and Vig, A. P. 2015. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent: Effect on growth, yield and quality of plants. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 14(1): 137-159.
Karimi, E., Shirmardi, M., Dehestani Ardakani, M., Gholamnezhad, J. and Zarebanadkouki, M. 2020. The effect of humic acid and biochar on growth and nutrients uptake of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(12): 1658-1669.
Kim, M. J., Shim, C. K., Kim, Y. K., Hong, S. J., Park, J. H., Han, E. J. and Kim, S. C. 2015. Effect of aerated compost tea on the growth promotion of lettuce, soybean, and sweet corn in organic cultivation. The Plant Pathology Journal, 31(3): 259-268.
Lazcano, C. and Dominguez, J. 2010. Effects of vermicompost as a potting amendment of two commercially-grown ornamental plant species. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4): 1260-1270.
Lazcano, C. and Domínguez, J. 2011. The use of vermicompost in sustainable agriculture: Impact on plant growth and soil fertility. Soil Nutrients, 10: 1-23.
Mahboub Khomami, A. 2011. Effect of sawdust vermicompost in pot media on nutrition and growth of dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia amonea) plant. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 26 (4): 435-444.
Mahboub Khomami, A., Haddad, A., Alipoor, R. and Hojati, S. I. 2021. Cow manure and sawdust vermicompost effect on nutrition and growth of ornamental foliage plants. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 2(2): 68-78.
Mirzaee Esgandian, N., Jabbarzadeh, Z. and Rasouli-Sadaghiani, M. H. 2020. Investigation on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Gerbera jamesonii as affected by humic acid and nano-calcium chelate in hydroponic culture conditions. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 10(1):1-13.
Moghadam, A. R. L., Ardebili, Z. O. and Saidi, F. 2012. Vermicompost induced changes in growth and development of Lilium Asiatic hybrid var. Navona. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(17): 2609-2621.
Morozesk, M., Bonomo, M. M., da Costa Souza, I., Rocha, L. D., Duarte, I. D., Martins, I. O. and Matsumoto, S. T. 2017. Effects of humic acids from landfill leachate on plants: An integrated approach using chemical, biochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Chemosphere, 184: 309-317.
Motaghi, S. and Nejad, T. S. 2014. The effect of different levels of humic acid and potassium fertilizer on physiological indices of growth. International Journal of Biosciences, 5(2): 99-105.
Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y. P., Luo, A. and Etemadi, N. A. 2008. Effect of humic acid on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and postharvest life of gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(12): 2155-2167.
Noroozisharaf, A. and Kaviani, M. 2018. Effect of soil application of humic acid on nutrients uptake, essential oil and chemical compositions of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under greenhouse conditions. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 24(3), 423-431.
Ozden, M., Demirel, U. and Kahraman A. 2009. Effects of proline on antioxidant system in leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to oxidative stress by H2O2. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 163-168.
Sardoei, A. S., Roien, A., Sadeghi, T., Shahadadi, F. and Mokhtari, T. S. 2014. Effect of vermicompost on the growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 14: 631-635.
Tina, A., Pezhman, M. and Abbas, H. 2015. Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on some quantitative and qualitative yield of pot marigold. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 4: 1100-1103.
