ارزیابی تأثیر کاربرد کمپوست حاصل از پسماندهای گیاهی مختلف بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی توت‌فرنگی

محورهای موضوعی : کود کشاورزی، کمپوست

مرضیه فیضی پور ¹ , ابراهیم فتائی ² , شهرزاد خرم نژادیان ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه محیط‌ زیست، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه محیط ‌زیست، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه محیط‌ زیست، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/07/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/09/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/09/20

کلید واژه: توت‌فرنگی, پسماندهای گیاهی, کمپوست,

چکیده مقاله :

استفاده از کمپوست حاصل از پسماندهای گیاهی می‌تواند به بهبود ساختار خاک و افزایش اثربخشی در مصرف آب و مواد غذایی زمین کمک کرده و همچنین باعث کاهش نیاز به استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و سموم شود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر بیوکمپوست تولید و غنی‌شده با عناصر روی و منگنز بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی توت‌فرنگی بود. تحقیق حاضر، از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و میدانی می‌باشد. ابتدا ضایعات کشاورزی از سطح گلخانه‌ها و مزارع کشاورزی جمع‌آوری و در تابستان به روش ویندوز به محل تولید بیوکمپوست منتقل شد. از بقایای گیاهی جهت نمونه‌برداری استفاده شد و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن (C/N)، با اندازه‌گیری درصد کربن آلی و درصد نیتروژن کل، فسفر، پتاسیم و عناصر کمیاب موجود در بقایای گیاهی قبل از پوسیدگی محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از آزمون‌های معنی‌داری در محیط نرم‌افزار SAS و برای ترسیم نمودارها از نرم‌افزار گرافر استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بیوکمپوست تولید شده با کلزا، بادمجان، خیار و گندم و غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع، بر پارامترهای عملکرد کیفی توت‌فرنگی مانند pH، ویتامین ث، فنل کل، آنتوسیانین کل، فلاونویید کل، الاژیک اسید، شاخص طعم، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و نیز عملکرد کمی توت‌فرنگی مانند: مواد جامد محلول کل، تعداد پنجه، ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر بوته، وزن تر ریشه تأثیر زیادی دارند. این مقدار در تیمار 5 (بیوکمپوست کلزا غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) بیشتر از سایر تیمارها، بود (01/0p≤). با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، می‌توان گفت که تیمار 5 (بیوکمپوست کلزا غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع)، تیمار 4 (بیوکمپوست بادمجان غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم/مترمربع)، تیمار 3 (بیوکمپوست خیارسبز غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع)، تیمار 2 (بیوکمپوست گندم غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و تیمار 1 (ترکیب برابر بیوکمپوست خیارسبز، گندم، کلزا، بادمجان به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در متر) بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی توت‌فرنگی تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. نتایج نشان‌دهنده این است که استفاده از بیوکمپوست حاصل از ضایعات کلزا، بادمجان، خیارسبز، گندم غنی‌شده با روی و منگنز تأثیر بسزایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی توت‌فرنگی در شرایط تنش خشکی دارد.

 

چکیده انگلیسی:

The use of compost from crop waste can help improve soil structure and increase the effectiveness of water and soil nutrients, and also reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of biocompost produced and enriched with zinc and manganese elements on the quantitative and qualitative yield of strawberries. The present study is descriptive-analytical. To conduct this study, agricultural waste was first collected from the surface of greenhouses and agricultural fields and transferred to the biocompost production site in the summer using the Windows method. Plant residues were used for sampling and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) was calculated by measuring the percentage of organic carbon and the percentage of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in plant residues before decay. To analyze the research data, significance tests were used in the SAS software environment and Ghrafer software was used to draw graphs. The findings showed that Biocompost produced with rapeseed, eggplant, cucumber and wheat and enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m² had a significant effect on strawberry qualitative yield parameters such as pH, vitamin C, total phenols, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, ellagic acid, flavor index, antioxidant activity, and also on strawberry quantitative yield such as total soluble solids, tiller number, plant height, plant fresh weight, and root fresh weight. The results showed that this value was higher in treatment 5 (rapeseed biocompost enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m²) than in other treatments (p≤0.01). According to the results of the study, it can be said that treatment 5 (rapeseed biocompost enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m²), treatment 4 (eggplant biocompost enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m²), Treatment 3 (green cucumber biocompost enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m²), Treatment 2 (wheat biocompost enriched with zinc and manganese at a rate of 1 kg/m²) and Treatment 1 (equal combination of green cucumber, wheat, rapeseed, eggplant biocompost at a rate of 1 kg/m²) had a significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative yield of strawberries. The results indicate that the use of biocompost from rapeseed, eggplant, green cucumber, wheat waste enriched with zinc and manganese has a significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative yield of strawberries under drought stress conditions.

 

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