ارزیابی اثر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: دشت آبخوان اسلام آباد)
محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد GIS&RS در برنامه ریزی
1 - گروه عمران،واحد بوشهر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد بوشهر،ایران
کلید واژه: کاربری اراضی, سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی, اسلام‌آباد,
چکیده مقاله :
آب‌های زیرزمینی یکی از منابع اصلی تأمین آب شیرین کره زمین محسوب می‌شوند. امروزه باتوجه‌به رشد جمعیت و روش‌های نوین آبیاری، پدیده تغییر کاربری اراضی به سرعت در حال افزایش است که اثرات منفی بر این منابع ارزشمند دارد. وابستگی بالا به منابع آب زیرزمینی در ایران و تعادل بخشی به این منبع مهم، موجب شد تا پژوهش حاضر به رابطه تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی دشت آبخوان اسلام‌آباد در بازه زمانی 28 ساله در دو دوره (دوره اول: 1374-1378و دوره دوم: 1398-1402) بپردازد. در ابتدا با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره لندست-5 و لندست-8 پوشش اراضی منطقه مطالعاتی را با الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی در 5 کلاس (کشاورزی دیم، کشاورزی آبی، مناطق ساخته شده، پیکره آبی و اراضی بایر) طبقه‌بندی گردید. سپس با بهره‌گیری از آمار چاه‌های مشاهده‌ای نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی در نرم‌افزارArcMap با ابزار درونیابی IDW تهیه شدند. در نهایت نتایج تغییرات کاربری اراضی با سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد کاربری کشاورزی دیم در دوره دوم 33/15 درصد کاهش یافته که از این میزان، 79/12 درصد به کاربری کشاورزی آبی تبدیل شده و بیشتر در بخش‌های مرکزی حوضه اتفاق افتاده است. کاربری ساخته‌شده رشد 47/2 درصدی داشته که بیشتر آن مربوط به شهر اسلام‌آباد است. پهنه آبی به میزان 3/0 درصد کاهش و اراضی بایر 10/0 درصد افزایش مساحت داشته است. سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی در بازه مطالعاتی روند نزولی داشته به‌گونه‌ای‌که در نواحی مرکزی سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی از 14 متر در دوره اول با 18 و 27 متر در این دوره جایگزین شده‌است در این نواحی کاربری کشاورزی دیم به کاربری کشاورزی آبی تغییر یافته است. در مناطق شمالی حوضه نیز کاهش سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی به دلیل گسترش کاربری ساخته شده (شهر اسلام آباد) اتفاق افتاده است.
Groundwater is one of the main sources of fresh water on the planet. Nowadays, due to population growth and new irrigation methods, the phenomenon of land use change is increasing rapidly, which has negative effects on these valuable resources. The high dependence on underground water resources in Iran and the partial balance of this important source led the current research to look at the impact of land use changes on the level of underground water level in the Islamabad watershed plain in a period of 28 years in two terms (First period: 1995-1999 and second period: 2019-2023). First, using Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 satellite images, the land cover of the study area was classified into 5 classes (Rainfed agriculture, Irrigated agriculture, Built-up area, Water body, and Barren land) with the random forest algorithm. Then, using the statistics of the observation wells, the zoning maps of the underground water level were prepared in ArcMap software with the IDW interpolation tool. Finally, the results of land use changes were compared with the level of underground water. The results showed that Rainfed agriculture decreased by 15.33% in the second period, of which 12.79% became Irrigated agriculture and mostly happened in the central parts of the basin Built-up area has grown by 47.2%, most of which is related to Islamabad city. Water area has decreased by 0.3% and Barren land has increased by 0.10%. The underground water level has been decreasing in the study period, that in the central areas, the underground water level has been replaced from 14 meters in first period to 18 and 27 meters in this period. In the northern areas of the basin, there has been a decrease in the level of underground water due the expansion of Built-up area (Islamabad city).
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