بهینه‌سازی فرایند استخراج با حلال فلزهای روی، مس و نیکل از محلول حلال‌شویی اسیدی به¬همراه بررسی ترمودینامیکی و مرحله‌های فرایند
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی کاربردیسمیه کلبادی نژاد 1 , احد قائمی 2
1 - . پسا دکترا دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، نفت و گاز، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد تمام دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: استخراج با حلال, فلزهای سنگین, دپا, مکسترال 5640اچ, مدلسازی ترمودینامیکی, تعیین مرحله‌های فرایند.,
چکیده مقاله :
در این پژوهش، بهینه‌سازی فرایند استخراج با حلال برای استخراج فلزهای روی، مس و نیکل از محلول حلال‌شویی اسیدی کیک صافی سرد، انجام شد. سه مرحله برای استخراج انتخابی فلزها از محلول حلال‌شویی اسیدی درنظرگرفته شد. در مرحله اول فرایند استخراج با حلال، 67/93 درصد روی از محلول حلال‌شویی باpH برابر با 4 به کمک حلال دپا 20 درصد در نفت سفید، استخراج شد. در مرحله دوم فرایند استخراج، 100 درصد مس از محلول رافینیت مرحله اول با pH برابر با 3/2 و با حلال 10 درصد مکسترال 5640اچ در نفت سفید، استخراج شد. در مرحله سوم فرایند استخراج، 61/88 درصد نیکل از محلول رافینیت مرحله دوم باpH برابر با 7 با حلال 20 درصد دپا در نفت سفید، استخراج شد. دور همزن 200 دور بر دقیقه و دمای محیط برای همه آزمایش‌های فرایند استخراج با حلال، ثابت درنظرگرفته شد. مقدار فلزها در دو محلول رافینیت و استخراج بهکمک جذب اتمی تعیین شد. هر سه مرحله فرایند استخراج بهصورت گرماگیر و خودبهخودی انجام شد.
: In this study, optimization of the solvent extraction of zinc, copper and nickel from the acid leaching was carried out. Three steps were considered for the selective extraction of metals from the acid leaching solution. In the first step of the solvent extraction, 93.67% of zinc was extracted from the leaching solution with pH equal to 4 using 20% of D2EHPA in kerosene. In the second step of the solvent extraction, 100% of copper was extracted from the first step raffinate with pH equal to 2.3 using 10% of Mextral 5640H in kerosene. In the third step of the solvent extraction process, 88.61% of nickel was extracted from the second step raffinate with pH equal to 7 using 20% of D2EHPA in kerosene. The stirring speed was 200 rpm and the ambient temperature was kept constant for all solvent extraction experiments. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the amount of the metals in the extractant and raffinate. All three steps of the extraction process were performed endothermic and spontaneously.
[1] Nusen S, Yottawee N, Cheng CY, Chairuangsri T. Characterisation of zinc plant, cold-purification filter cake and leaching of indium by aqueous sulphuric acid solution. Chiang Mai Journal of Science. 2015;42(3):718-729.
[2] Mbaya RKK, Ramakokovhu MM, Thubakgale CK. Atmospheric pressure leaching application for the recovery of copper and nickel from low-grade sources. South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference. 2013. p. 255–68.
[3] Mahmoud MHH. Leaching platinum-group metals in a sulfuric acid / chloride solution. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 2003;55(4)37-40. doi: 10.1007/s11837-003-0086-y
[4] Gislev M, Grohol M. European Commission, Report on Critical Raw Materials and the Circular Economy. Milan: European Union; 2018.
[5] Xing WD, Lee MS. A process for the separation of noble metals from HCL liquor containing gold(III), palladium(II), platinum(IV), rhodium(III), and iridium(IV) by solvent extraction. Processes. 2019;7(5):243 doi: org/10.3390/pr7050243
[6] Ghanadzadeh H, Ghanadzadeh A. (Liquid + liquid) equilibria in (water + ethanol + 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) at T = (298.2, 303.2, 308.2, and 313.2) K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2003;35(9):1393-401. doi: org/10.1016/S0021-9614(03)00127-7
[7] Rydberg, J, editors. Solvent extraction principles and practice, revised and expanded. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2004. doi: org/10.1201/9780203021460
[8] Anzum R, Alawamleh HSK, Bokov DO, Jalil AT, Hoi HT, Abdelbasset WK, et al. A review on separation and detection of copper, cadmium, and chromium in food based on cloud point extraction technology. Food Sci Technol. 2022;42:e80721. doi: 10.1590/fst.80721
[9] Krishnamurthy N, Gupta CK. Extractive metallurgy of rare earths, 2nd Edition. UK: CRC Press; 2016. doi: org/10.1201/b19055
[10] Poole CF. Chapter 2 - Solvent selection for liquid-phase extraction. In: Poole CF, editor. Handbooks in Separation Science, Liquid-Phase Extraction. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2020. p. 45-89. doi: org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816911-7.00002-5
[11] Chavarrio JE, Gutiérrez MF, Orjuela Á. A quantitative multi-criteria solvent selection method for extraction processes: Case study—downstream purification of sucrose-based surfactants. J Surfactants Deterg. 2020;23(3):513–26. doi:10.1002/jsde.12397
[12] Arroyo-Avirama AF, Gajardo-Parra NF, Espinoza-Carmona V, Garrido JM, Held C, Canales RI. Solvent selection for the extraction of 2-Phenylethanol from aqueous phases: Density and viscosity studies. J Chem Eng Data. 2022;67(8):1893–904. doi:10.1021/acs.jced.1c00975
[13] Hegazy MM, Badawi AA, El-Nabarawi MA, Eldegwy MA, Louis D. One factor at a time and factorial experimental design for formulation of L-carnitine microcapsules to improve its manufacturability. Heliyon. 2024;10(1):e23637. doi: org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23637
[14] Konagano EMH, da Costa HSC, de Souza JNS, Herman CANP. One-factor-at-a-time optimisation of the aqueous extraction of the peroxidase from fresh Amazonian cacao beans. Int Food Res J. 2020;27(4):694–701.
[15] Rajewski J, Dobrzyńska-Inger A. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of chromium(III) synergistic extraction by supported liquid membrane. Membranes (Basel). 2021;11(854):1-17 doi: org/10.3390/membranes11110854
[16] Afzali Z, Irannajad M, Azadmehr A. Copper extraction from aqueous solution by organic solvents of TBP and D2EHPA in buffer solution. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering. 2015;47(1):109–117. doi: 10.22060/ceej.2015.476
[17] Devi NB, Nayak B. Liquid-liquid extraction and separation of copper(II) and nickel(II) using LIX®984N. J South African Inst Min Metall. 2014;114(11):937-43.
[18] Nyamato GS, Wambugu K, Kiratu J, Ojwach SO. Liquid-liquid extraction of copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and lead(II) from aqueous solution and sewage effluent using phenoxy-amino ligands. Water Sci Technol. 2022;85(10):2993-3001. doi: org/10.2166/wst.2022.164
[19] Balesini-Aghdam AA, Yoozbashizadeh H, Moghaddam J. Direct hydrometallurgical separation of Zn(II) from brine leaching solution of zinc filter cake by simple solvent extraction process. Physicochem Probl Miner Process. 2019;55(3):667-78. doi: 10.5277/ppmp18179
[20] Soltani F, Darabi H, Aram R, Ghadiri M. Leaching and solvent extraction purification of zinc from Mehdiabad complex oxide ore. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1-11. doi: org/10.1038/s41598-021-81141-7
[21] Li Y, Hu J, Fu M, Tang J, Dong L, Liu S. Investigation of intermolecular interactions of mixed extractants of quaternary phosphonium or ammonium chlorides and bis(2,4,4-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid for metal separation. RSC Adv. 2016;6(62):56772-9. doi: org/10.1039/C6RA07813C
[22] Tahmasebizadeh P, Javanshir S. Solvent extraction of zinc from a bioleaching solution by modification of D2EHPA: Optimization and thermodynamic studies. J Min Environ. 2021;12(1):253-69. doi: 10.22044/jme.2021.10324.1979
[23] Jafari H, Abdollahi H, Gharabaghi M, Balesini AA. Solvent extraction and stripping of zinc from synthetic chloride solution in presence of manganese and cadmium as impurities. J Min Environ. 2019;10(4):1083-93. doi: org/10.22044/jme.2019.8708.1755
[24] Asadi T, Azizi A, Lee J chun, Jahani M. Solvent extraction of zinc from sulphate leaching solution of a sulphide-oxide sample using D2EHPA and Cyanex 272. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2018;39(9):1328-34. doi: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1402338.
[25] Feizollahi S, Azizi A. Solvent extraction of copper from an industrial sulfate liquor using Chemorex CP-150. J Min Environ. 2018;9(4):905-16. doi: org/10.22044/jme.2018.7161.1568
[26] Ruiz MC, Risso J, Seguel J, Padilla R. Solvent extraction of copper from sulfate-chloride solutions using mixed and modified hydroxyoxime extractants. Miner Eng. 2020;146:106109. doi: org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106109
[27] Hosseinzadeh M, Petersen J, Azizi A. Solvent extraction studies of copper from a heap leach liquor using mextral 5640H. minerals. 2022;12(10):1-14. doi: org/10.3390/min12101322
[28] Lee LY, Morad N, Ismail N, Rafatullah M. Synergistic Extraction of Cd, Cu and Ni with D2EHPA/TBP: Screening of Factors by Fractional Factorial Design. Int J Chem Eng Appl. 2019;10(4):114–20. doi: 10.18178/ijcea.2019.10.4.752
[29] Berkalou K, Nounah A, Khamar M, Cherkaoui E, Boussen R. Removal of cadmium from phosphoric acid by the liquid-liquid extraction process using synthetic agent C11H18N2O. Int J Adv Res Eng Technol. 2020;11(6):28–35. doi: org/10.17605/OSF.IO/R2Q3H
[30] Qian Z, Qiao J, Jiang D, Lin J, Chen A, Ma Y, et al. Removal of cadmium from cobalt sulfate by solvent extraction using cyanex 301. Jom. 2018;70(8):1459–63. doi: org/10.1007/s11837-018-2946-5
[31] Abo Atia T, Deferm C, Machiels L, Khoshkhoo M, Riaño S, Binnemans K. Solvent extraction process for refining cobalt and nickel from a “bulk hydroxide precipitate” obtained by bioleaching of sulfidic mine tailings. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2023;62(43):17947-58. doi: /10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02612
[32] Arslan F, Büşra Güven Z, Yenial Arslan Ü, Benli B, Arslan C. Solvent extraction of nickel from iron and cobalt containing sulfate solutions. Mater Sci Eng Int J. 2023;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.15406/mseij.2023.07.00195
[33] Yuchang Xiao BASc by. Solvent Extraction of Nickel from Complexation Leachate Solution. 2023;(February). doi: org/10.14288/1.0424306
[34] Rao M, Zhang T, Li G, Zhou Q, Luo J, Zhang X, et al. Solvent extraction of Ni and Co from the phosphoric acid leaching solution of laterite ore by P204 and P507. Metals (Basel). 2020;10(4):4–5. doi: org/10.3390/met10040545
[35] Rodrigues IR, Deferm C, Binnemans K, Riaño S. Separation of cobalt and nickel via solvent extraction with Cyanex-272: Batch experiments and comparison of mixer-settlers and an agitated column as contactors for continuous counter-current extraction. Sep Purif Technol. 2022;296(121326):1-10. doi: org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121326
