مروری بر بیماری‌های مشترک انسان و گاو
محورهای موضوعی : علوم بالینی دامپزشکی
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کلید واژه: انسان, گاو, بیماری های زئونوز, سلامت جامعه,
چکیده مقاله :
بیماری‌های مشترک که از حیوانات به انسان منتقل می‌شوند، یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های بهداشت عمومی در سطح جهانی به شمار می‌روند. این بیماری‌ها شامل طیف گسترده‌ای از پاتوژن‌ها از جمله عوامل باکتریایی، ویروسی، انگلی، قارچی و پریونی هستند. با افزایش جمعیت جهانی، گسترش تعاملات میان انسان و حیوان، و تغییرات اقلیمی، خطر شیوع این بیماری‌ها رو به افزایش است. در این مطالعه، مسیرهای اصلی انتقال بیماری‌های زئونوز (مانند تماس مستقیم، آئروسل و آلودگی آب و غذا) و پیامدهای آن بر سلامت انسان و دام مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین، رویکردهای پیشگیرانه و کنترلی شامل واکسیناسیون، اقدامات امنیت زیستی و رویکرد یکپارچه سلامت (One Health) برای کاهش خطرات این بیماری‌ها پیشنهاد شده است. نتایج این مطالعه بر اهمیت همکاری‌های بین‌بخشی در مدیریت بیماری‌های زئونوز و تأثیر آن‌ها بر سلامت عمومی و صنعت دامپروری تأکید دارد. بیماری‌های زئونوز، که قابلیت انتقال بین حیوانات مهره‌دار و انسان‌ها را دارند، به‌عنوان یک نگرانی مهم و رو به رشد در سلامت عمومی جهانی شناخته می‌شوند. شیوع عفونت‌های زئونوز چشمگیر است؛ به‌طوریکه زئونوزها تقریبا 80% از عفونت‌های انسانی را شامل می‌شوند. این بیماری‌ها باعث مرگ‌ومیر و بیماری‌های جدی در تمامی گروه‌های سنی و هر دو جنس می‌شوند و بر گستردگی اثرات آن‌ها بر جمعیت انسانی تأکید می‌کنند.
Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted from animals to humans, represent one of the most significant public health challenges globally. These diseases encompass a wide range of pathogens, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and prion agents. With the growth of the global population, increased human-animal interactions, and climate change, the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks is rising. This study examines the primary transmission pathways of zoonotic diseases (such as direct contact, aerosols, and contamination of water and food) and their impacts on human and animal health. Preventive and control approaches, including vaccination, biosecurity measures, and the One Health approach, are proposed to mitigate the risks associated with these diseases. The findings of this study underscore the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in managing zoonotic diseases and highlight their implications for public health and the livestock industry. Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted from animals to humans, represent one of the most significant public health challenges globally. These diseases encompass a wide range of pathogens, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and prion agents. With the growth of the global population, increased human-animal interactions, and climate change, the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks is rising. This study examines the primary transmission pathways of zoonotic diseases (such as direct contact, aerosols, and contamination of water and food) and their impacts on human and animal health. Preventive and control approaches, including vaccination, biosecurity measures, and the One Health approach, are proposed to mitigate the risks associated with these diseases. The findings of this study underscore the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in managing zoonotic diseases and highlight their implications for public health and the livestock industry.
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