تأثیر سطوح کود دامی و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی شوید تحت سطوح تنش خشکی در مناطق خشک (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سیستان)
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
عیسی خمری
1
,
علی ارباب
2
,
زینب محکمی
3
,
علیرضا سیروس مهر
4
1 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
3 - عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل
4 - دانشگاه زابل
کلید واژه: اسانس, پرولین, عناصر مغذی, کربوهیدرات, گیاه دارویی,
چکیده مقاله :
کود دامی یکی از استراتژیهای مهم برای بهبود تحمل گیاهان به خشکی و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک، رشد، عملکرد، کیفیت و تغذیه گیاهان میباشد. این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کود دامی (عدم کاربرد کود، کاربرد 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) و زمان برداشت (شروع رسیدگی و رسیدگی کامل) بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی شوید تحت خشکی (آبیاری تا شروع گلدهی، آبیاری تا اواسط پر شدن دانه و آبیاری تا رسیدگی دانه) انجام گردید. آزمایش اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 در پژوهشکده کشاورزی پژوهشگاه زابل اجرا گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس دادهها حاکی از آن بود که تنش خشکی عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پیکر رویشی و مقادیر عناصر (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم و کلسیم) را نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد و میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات، اسانس پیکر رویشی و اسانس دانه را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. اثرات منفی خشکی در مرحله شروع گلدهی بیشتر از سایر مراحل بود. مصرف کود دامی تمامی صفات را در مقایسه با شاهد در هر دو شرایط آبیاری نرمال و خشکی افزایش داد. صفات فوق در زمان برداشت در رسیدگی کامل حداکثر مقدار را داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پیکر رویشی و عناصر با مصرف 30 تن کود دامی و برداشت در مرحله رسیدگی کامل تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل بدست آمد. مصرف کود دامی (30 تن در هکتار) تحت شرایط وقوع تنش خشکی در مرحله گلدهی و رسیدگی کامل، موجب افزایش محتوای اسانس پیکر رویشی و دانه (به ترتیب 7/20 درصد و 4/15 درصد) شد. از اینرو، مصرف 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی برای بهبود رشد، عملکرد کمی و کیفیت گیاه شوید تحت تنش خشکی پیشنهاد میگردد.
Animal manure is an important strategy for improving plant tolerance to drought and enhancing soil fertility, growth, yield, quality, and nutritional value. This research aimed to investigate the effects of manure application (including no fertilizer, as well as 20 and 30 tons per hectare) and harvesting times (at the initiation of ripening and full ripening) on the quantitative and qualitative yield of dill under drought conditions. The study examined three irrigation strategies: irrigation until the beginning of flowering, irrigation until the middle of seed filling, and irrigation until seed ripening. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot within a randomized complete block design during the 2021-2022 crop year at the Research Institute of Zabol. The variance analysis results showed that drought stress reduced seed yield, shoot yield, and the levels of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium compared to the control. It increased the levels of proline, carbohydrates, shoot essential oils, and seed essential oils compared to the control group. The impact of drought was more severe at the onset of flowering. Using manure fertilizer enhanced all traits compared to the control under both normal irrigation and drought conditions. During harvest time, when the crops are fully ripe, the aforementioned traits reach their highest value. The highest seed yield, shoot yield, and nutrient levels were achieved with the application of 30 tons/ha of manure and harvesting at full ripeness under normal irrigation conditions. During drought stress from the flowering stage until harvest at full maturity, the application of 30 tons/ha of animal manure resulted in increases of 20.7% and 15.4% in the essential oil content of shoots and seeds, respectively. It is recommended to apply 30 tons of manure per hectare to enhance the growth, yield, and quality of dill plants under drought conditions.
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