مدلیابی افسردگی پس از زایمان بر اساس کمالگرایی والدینی با میانجی گری دشواری در تنظیم هیجان با در نظر گرفتن بافت فرهنگی-اجتماعی مادران ساکن تهران
محورهای موضوعی : روان شناسی
هاجر علی عسگری رنانی
1
,
داریوش مهرافزون
2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روان شناسی عمومی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه روان شناسی بالینی و تربیتی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: افسردگی پس از زایمان, کمالگرایی, دشواری تنظیم هیجان,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر، آزمون مدل یابی افسردگی پس از زایمان بر اساس کمالگرایی با نقش میانجیگری دشواری تنظیم هیجان با در نظر گرفتن بافت فرهنگی-اجتماعی مادران ساکن تهران بود. جامعه آماری تمامی مادران ۱۸ تا ۴۰ ساله تهرانی بود که در سال ۱۴۰۳-۱۴۰۴ زایمان کرده بودند. نمونه پژوهش عبارت است از ٢٠0 نفر از زنان تازه زایمان کرده و زنانی که دوهفته تا سه ماه از زایمان آنها گذشته بود که به روش نمونهگیري در دسترس انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و معادلات ساختاری بود. ابزار اندازه گیری شامل پرسشنامه افسردگی پس از زایمان ادینبورگ (1987) ، مقیاس چندبعدی کمالگرایی هویت و فلت (1919) و مقیاس دشواری در تنظیم هیجان گراتز و روئمر (2004) بود. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارهای SPSS-26 و SmartPLS-3 تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد کمالگرایی به طور مستقیم و مثبت، افسردگی پس از زایمان و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان را پیشبینی کرد. همچنین، دشواری در تنظیم هیجان در رابطه بین کمالگرایی و افسردگی پس از زایمان نقش میانجی معناداری داشت، به طوری که با ورود متغیر میانجی، تأثیر کمالگرایی بر افسردگی پس از زایمان از 42% به 49% افزایش یافت. همچنین مدل پیشنهادی از نیکویی برازش مناسبی برخوردار بود. این یافتهها اهمیت مداخلاتی را برجسته میسازد که نه تنها به استانداردهای شناختی کمالگرایانه، بلکه به مهارتهای هیجانی مادران هم در یک بافت فرهنگی پیچیده لازم است توجه شود. این امر نقش مؤثری در ارتقای سلامت روان مادران در این دوره حساس پس از زایمان دارد.
The present study aimed to examine the modeling of postpartum depression based on perfectionism with the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in mothers living in Tehran. The statistical population encompassed all mothers aged 18 to 40 years who had birth delivery during2024-2025. The sample embraced 200 mothers who either just gave birth or during the couple weeks to 3 months whom were selected via convenient sampling procedure. The research method was descriptive of correlational and structural equations modeling. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), 1987, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), 1991 and the Gratz and Roemer Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), 2004 were implemented to gather data. To analyze the data SPSS-26 and SmartPLS-3 were utilized. The results revealed that perfectionism directly and positively predicted postpartum depression and difficulty in emotion regulation significantly (p < .05). Also, difficulty in emotion regulation had a significant mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism and postpartum depression, so that with the inclusion of the mediating variable, the effect of perfectionism on postpartum depression increased from 42% to 49%. The indices showed that the model had a proper goodness of fit. These findings highlighted the importance of interventions that address not only perfectionistic cognitive standards but also mothers' emotional skills in a complex cultural context. This issue plays an effective role in promoting the mental health of mothers during this sensitive postpartum period.
Alikhah, S., & Rezazadeh, F. (2022). Investigating the role of maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism in the depression of married women in Tehran. New Ideas in Education, 2(4), 24-35. [Persian] URL: https://jnie.ir/showpaper/322225.
Bagheri, F., Nahidi, F., Nasrabadi, A. N., & M-Alasvand, R. (2021). The lived experiences of Iranian women with postpartum depression: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1-11. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03487-6
Besharat, M. A., Farahmand, H., & Ebrahimi, F. (2020). The association of perfectionism dimensions with depression and anxiety symptoms: The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ), 9(7), 1-14. [Persian] URL: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-2122- a.html
Besharat, M. A. (2014). The role of alexithymia in the prediction of marital satisfaction based on the emotional expression styles. Journal of Family Research, 10(1), 79-94. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i2.671
Brandão, T., Ribeiro, A. C., Griff, M. I., Babore, A., & Diniz, E. (2024). Social Support and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Women: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(23), 7150. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237150
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British journal of psychiatry, 150(6), 782-786. URL: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782. PMID: 3651732
Darmawan, S., Noviekayati, I. G. A. A., & Santi, D. E. (2025). The relationship between family communication and the tendency of postpartum depression reviewed from the big five personality traits in postpartum mothers. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 4(1), 259-269. URL: https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i1.689
Dehghani, M. (2014). The relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 193–197. [Persian] URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.354
Fonseca, A., Branquinho, M., Monteiro, F., Araújo-Pedrosa, A., Bjørndal, L. D., Lupattelli, A., … (2023). Treatment options and their uptake among women with symptoms of perinatal depression: exploratory study in Norway and Portugal. BJPsych Open, 9(3), e77. URL: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.56
Ghobari Bonab, B., Zadehmohammadi, A., & Heidari, M. (2016). The role of social support and perfectionism in predicting postpartum depression. Journal of Family Research, 12(4), 581-596. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1757743617-68c50a01a06b2-10293-2025-1.pdf
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. URL: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94.
Hataminejad, M., Norouzi Homayoun, M. R., Sadeghi, M., & Sadri Damirchi, E. (2025). Developing a model of social anxiety in students based on maladaptive perfectionism and experiential avoidance with the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 16(2), 15-32. [Persian] URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7627-en.html
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Turnbull-Donovan, W., & Mikail, S. F. (1991). The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Reliability, validity, and psychometric properties in psychiatric samples. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 464–468. URL: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.464
Hooman, H. A. (2000). Structural Equation Modeling With LISREL Application. Samt Publications. [Persian] URL: https://samt.ac.ir/fa/book/649/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%84
Jackman, L. C., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & McNeil, D. G. (2017). Perfect imperfections: locus of control, perfectionism, and postpartum depression. Sage Open, 7(2), 2158244017710689. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244017710689
Khamidullina, Z., Marat, A., Muratbekova, S., Mustapayeva, N. M., Chingayeva, G. N., Shepetov, A. M., ... & Aimagambetova, G. (2025). Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(7), 2418. URL: 10.3390/jcm14072418
Khan, M. I., Karima, G., Khan, M. Z., Shin, J. H., & Kim, J. D. (2023). Correction: Khan et al. Therapeutic Effects of Saponins for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer by Ameliorating Inflammation and Angiogenesis and Inducing Antioxidant and Apoptotic Effects in Human Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(20), 15235. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015235
Khanzadeh, M., Saeediyan, M., Hosseinchari, M., & Edrissi, F. (2012). Factor structure and psychometric properties of difficulties in emotional regulation scale. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 6(1), 87-96. [Persian] URL: SID. https://sid.ir/paper/505025/fa
Kiyak, S., & Bati, S. (2024). Relationship between Postpartum Depression, Parental Perfectionism, and Social Media Use in First-Time Mothers: A Descriptive Study. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4), 430-438. URL: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3363445
Limburg, K., Watson, H. J., Hagger, M. S., & Egan, S. J. (2017). The relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(10), 1301–1326. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22435
Maia, B. R., Pereira, A. T., Marques, M., Bos, S., Soares, M. J., Valente, J., … Macedo, A. (2012). The role of perfectionism in postpartum depression and symptomatology. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 15(6), 459–468. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-012-0310-2
Malivoire, B., Kuo, J., & Antony, M. (2019). An examination of emotion dysregulation in maladaptive perfectionism. Clinical Psychology Review, 71, 39–50. URL: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.04.006.
Kashani, M., & Mansourieh, N. (2024). The relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism with anger in hypertensive patients. The Journal of Tolooebehdasht. [Persian] URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3593-fa.html.
McRae, K., & Gross, J.J. (2020). Emotion regulation. Emotion, 20, 1–9. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-020-05659-8
Mehling, W. E., Price, C., Daubenmier, J. J., Acree, M., Bartmess, E., & Stewart, A. (2012). The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). PLoS ONE, 7(11), e48230. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048230
Padoa, T., Berle, D., & Roberts, L. (2018). Comparative social media use and the mental health of mothers with high levels of perfectionism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(7), 514–535. URL: https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.7.514
Patterson, H., Firebaugh, C. M., Zolnikov, T. R., Wardlow, R., Morgan, S. M., & Gordon, B. (2021). A systematic review on the psychological effects of perfectionism and accompanying treatment. Psychology, 12(01), 1–24. URL: 10.4236/psych.2021.121001
Rahimi, H., Sadoughi, M., & Hejazi, S. Y. (2024). Are teachers with better quality of work life more innovative? The mediating roles of psychological empowerment and teaching mindsets. Acta Psychologica, 247, 104315. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104315
Rahmani, M., Zafari, M., & Akbar Nattaj Bishe, K. (2024). Investigating the Relationship between Body Image and Postpartum Depression in Women with Their First Pregnancy. Clinical Psychology Achievements, 10(3), 1-8. [Persian] URL: 10.22055/jacp.2024.47280.1395.
Saint Denny, K., Doba, K., Storme, L., & Nandrino, J. L. (2025). When “good enough” is no longer enough: Parenting perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotion regulation in postnatal depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 233, 112910. URL:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886924003702
Sepehrian Azar, F., Asadi Majreh, S., Asadnia, S., & Farnoodi, L. (2014). The relationship between attachment and coping styles with emotion dysregulation in adolescence. Studies in Medical Sciences, 25(10), 922-930. [Persian] URL: http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2548-fa.html
Weiss, D., & Elissa, L. P. (2020). Implications of generational and age metastereotypes for older adults at work: The role of agency, stereotype threat, and job search self-efficacy. Work, Aging & Retirement, 6(1), 15-27. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waz010
Woodfin, V., Binder, P. E., & Molde, H. (2020). The psychometric properties of the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale–brief. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1860. URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01860/full
Zarei, K., Kachouie, M., & Shojaeirad, F. (2023). The relationship between anxious attachment style and postpartum depression considering the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation among newly delivered women. Clinical Psychology, 15(3), 57-68. [Persian] URL: 10.22075/jcp.2024.32562.2792.
