اثر تنش خشکی بر مراحل رشد لاین های پیشرفته گندم دوروم
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
کلید واژه: : تنش خشکی, شاخص های تحمل به خشکی, گندم دوروم , مراحل رشد,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور مطالعه اثر تنش خشکی بر مراحل رشد گندم دوروم، تحقیقی به صورت آزمایش کرت¬های خرد شده در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1386 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی مراحل تنش در پنج سطح(a0: بدون تنش، a1: تنش در مرحله پنجه زنی، a2: تنش در مرحله ساقه روی،:a3 تنش در مرحله گلدهی و a4: تنش در مرحله دانه بندی) و فاکتور فرعی شامل 8 لاین گندم دوروم بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تنش خشکی روی کلیه صفات اثر معنی دار داشت. همچنین معنی دار بودن اثر متقابل لاین × مرحله تنش خشکی برای اکثر صفات به جز بیوماس نشان دهنده رفتار متفاوت لاین¬ها در مراحل مختلف تنش از نظر آن صفات بود. برآورد همبستگی بین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که صفت عملکرد دانه با شاخص برداشت همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار داشت. از شاخص¬های مقاومت به خشکی محاسبه شده در این پژوهش STI و GMP مناسب ترین شاخص¬ها شناخته شدند و بر اساس این شاخص¬ها لاین¬های 1 و 2 پرمحصول ترین و متحمل ترین لاین¬ها نسبت به تنش خشکی بودند.
To study of efficacy of drought stress on the growth stages of durum wheat, a research split plot experiment based on randomized complete design with 3 replications was conducted at Islamic Azad University Tabriz branch, Agriculture Research Station in 2007. Main factor was stress in growth stages with 5 levels: a0 (without drought stress), a1 (stress in tillering), a2(stress in steming), a3(stress in flowering), a4 (stress in grain filling period) and minor factors were 8 durum wheat lines. Result of variance analysis showed that drought stress had significant effect on all traits. Also significant interaction of genotypes × stage of drought stress for all traits except biomass showed different behavior of lines for stresses in different growth stages. The drought stress in each growth stage of durum wheat, reduced yield and most effects of them were in tillering and flowering stages. The estimation of correlation between traits showed that there was significant and positive correlation between seed yield with harvest index. In this research, from calculated of resistance indexes, the STI and GMP were determined most suitable indexes, and according to this resistance index, the line of numbers 1 and 2 were of highly yield and most tolerant toward drought stress.
Abdmishani, S., and J.Jafari Shabestri. 1989. Evaluation of drought tolerant of wheat genotypes. Journ of Agriculture Sciences, 19(1,2) , pp 37-42.
Austin, K.B. 1980. Physiological limitation to cereal yield and ways of reducing them by breading. In: oppotainities for increasing crop yield. Pitman pub, London.
Blum, A. 1998. Improvment of wheat green filling under by stem reseve mebilization. Euphy. 100:77-83.
Borogevic, S. 1990. Principles and methodes of plant breeding. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Cooper, M., D. E. Byth, and D. K. Woodruff. 1994. An investigation of the grain yield adaptation of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines to water stress envioroments in queensland. I:Crop physiological analysis. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 45:965-984.
Day, A. D. And Intalap, S. 1970. Some effects of soil moisture on the growth of wheat. Agron. J. 62 27-29.
Deneic, S., R.Kastori., B.Kobiljski, and B. Duggan. 2000. Evaluation of grain yield and its components in wheat cultivars and ladraces under near optimal and drought condition. Euphy. 113:43-52.
Duguid, S. D., and Brule- Babe, A. L. 1994. Rate and duration of grain filling in five spring wheat genotypes. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 74:681-686.
Ehdaie, B. 1998. Gentic variation for stem storage and its transport on grain in spring wheat on terminal drought condition. Presented Papers in the 5 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Karaj. Pp 22-43.
Emam. Y., and M.Niknegad. 1996. Introduction on yield crop physiology. Shiraz University Publisher. pp 5710.
Farshadfar, A. 2000. Selection for drought resistant of wheat bread lines. Journal of Sciences and Industries of Agriculture. 16 (2): pp 160-170.
Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In proceeding of a symposium, Taiwan, 13-18 Aug. pp. 257-270.
Fischer, R. A. 1979. Growth and water limitation to dryland wheat yield in Austrila:a physiological framework. Journal of Ausralian Institute of Agricultural Science 45:83-94.
Gebeyhou, G.Knott, D. R., and Baker, R. J.1982. Rate and duration of filling in durum wheat cultivars. Crop Sci. 22: 337-340
Hurd, E. A. 1974. Phenotype and drought tolerance in wheat. Agricultural Meteorology. 14:39 - 55.
Jonston, A. M., and D. B. Flower L. L. 1992. Response of no till winter wheat to nitrogen fertilization and drought stress. Can. J. Plant Sci.72:1075-1089.
Kazemi. H. 1996. Study of production factors in rain fed farming. Presented Papers in the 3th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Tabriz University Publisher. pp 160-170.
Kaffashi, A.M., and K.Najafian. 2006. Study of drought resistant indices of Varieties and Lines of irrigated farming wheat of moderate regions. Papers Summary in the 9 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Tehran University. Pp 211.
Mohhamadi. A. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress on Agronomic and morphological Characteristics on number of wheat Varieties. Journal of Pajohesh and Sazandegi in Agronomy and gardening. 19 (4): 176-187.
Normand Moaied, F., A. Rostami, and M.R.Ganadha. 2001. Study of morphological traits of bread wheat and Those relation with yield on drought Stress and nonstress Condition. Journal of Agriculture Sciences of Iran. 32 (4): 785-796.
Piroznia. M., G. Nematzadeh, and GH. Kianosh. 1998. Study and determination of Correlation of yield and its components with some of important agronomic traits of wheat with path analysis method. Papers Summary in the 5 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Karaj. Pp 1780.
fertilization and drought stress. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 72:1075-1089.
Rawson, H. M., A. K. Bagga., and P. M. Bremner. 1977. Aspects of adaotion by wheat and barley to soil moisture deficits. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 4:389-401.
Richards, R. A., Condon, A. G., and Rebotzke, G. J. 2001. Application of Physiology in wheat Breeding. In:M. P. Reynolds, J. U. Otiz-monasterio and A. Mcnab(eds). CIMMYT, Mexico.
Salemi, H.,and D.Afioni. 2005. Effect of water deficit treatments on yield and grain yield components of wheat new varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, No 3, pp 11-21.
Sarmadnia, G.H. 1996. Importance of environment stresses in agronomy. Presented Papers in the 1 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Tehran University, Karaj. Pp 63-75.
Sarmadnia. G.H., and A.Koocheki. 1993. Crop Physiology. Mashhad University Publisher. pp 467.
Siani, H. S., and D. Aspinall. 1981. Effects of water deficit on sprogensis in wheat. Ann. Bot. 43:623-633.
Siddique , K.H.M.,S.P.Loss.,K.L.Rrgan, and R.L. Jentter. 1999. Adaptation and seed yield of cool season grain Legomes in mediterranean environments of southwestern australia. Australian J. of Agric. Rec.50:375-386.
Shiri.M. 2006. Evalution of drought stress tolerant of wheat genotypes in vegetative growth stages and grain filling with use of different indicies of tolerance of stress. Papers Summary in the 9 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Tehran University. Pp 142.
Slaffer, G.A., and R.Savin. 1994. Post- anthesis green area duration in a semid warf and a standard height wheat cultivar as affected by sink strength. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 43:1337-1346.
Smith, E. L. 1987. A review of plant breeding strategic for rain fed areas. In: J. P. Srivastava. , E. Procedu. , E. Acevedo and S. Varma. Drought tolerance in winter cereals. PP. 79-88.
Sterling, J. D. E.. and H. G. Nass. 1981. Comparison of tests characterizing varieties of barley and wheat for moisture resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 61:383-292.
Tari Negad, A., M.Myghadam., M.Shakiba, H.Kazemi, and A.Saiedi. 2000. Analysis of correlation coeficients of grain yield to direct and indirect effects of superseding traits way on irrigated farming Condition and drought stress of last season in genotypes of autumn wheat. Papers Summary in the 6 th Iranian Congress on Crop Production and Plant Breedig. Babolsar, Mazandaran University. Pp 163.
Volarie. F. 2003. Seedling survival under drought differs between an annual (Hordeum vulgare ) and aperennial grass. New phytologist. pp. 501 - 510.
Wayhrich, A. A., B. F. Carver and B. C. Martin. 1995. Photosynthesis and water- efficiency of awnd and awnletted wheat. Crop Sci. 35:172-176.
Yahya. A., A.Ranjebari, and M.Bahrani. 2007. Evaluation of grain yield and its components on wheat genotypes under drought stress post flowering. Journal of Sciences and Agriculture Techniques and Natural Resources. 11 (1), pp 317-320.
Yu. L. X. and T. L. Setter . 2003. Comparative transcriptional profiling of placenta and endosperm in developing maize kernel in response to water deficit. Plant Physiology. PP. 568 - 582.
