DENSITY AND QUALITY OF SPACES IN RELATION TO BUILT-FORMS: The Case of Commercially Active Centers in Addis Ababa (Pedestrian Density and Pedestrian Priority)
محورهای موضوعی : Urban Design
Daniel Sokido
1
(Urban Planning, College of Urban Development and Engineering, Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)
کلید واژه: Built-form, pedestrian-priority, Quality-Spaces, Commercially-Active, Pedestrian-Density,
چکیده مقاله :
ABSTRACT A vibrant and commercially active center is often the result of interesting, diverse building styles and or built-forms, pedestrian density along with variety of quality public places where people feel comfortable, spending time and shopping items for domestic and commercial functions in cities like Addis Ababa. The scale and design of buildings, pedestrian density, and other physical characteristics will determine the quality of built form and public spaces and how well they create an attractive and pedestrian friendly and welcoming environment in relation to built-up and pedestrian density.On the other hand, not many studies have been undertaken in relation to the concept and theory of “Pedestrian Density and Quality of Spaces”. This research is aimed to analyze and explore the relationship among urban space quality, pedestrian density and built-form of the city in commercially active centers so as to contribute to a better understanding of the correlation among pedestrian density, built-form and quality of urban space. Hence, the study employed multiple data sources through quantitative and qualitative approaches (Triangulation). Finally, the research ended with arriving at answers for research questions through both statistical and non statistical techniques. The research result has highly addressed and concluded that Pedestrian friendly Streets with pedestrian density thresholds in commercially active built-environments are places that people like walking and want to stay in, with real character and sense of place. It concludes with an overview of emerging thinking/implications where further efforts are required in the future
Al-Masaeid, H. R., Al-Suleiman, T. I., & Nelson, D. C. (1993).
Pedestrian speed-flow relationship for central business district areas in
developing countries. Transportation Research Record, 1396, 69-74.
Daamen, W., & Hoogendoorn, S. P. (2003). Experimental research
of pedestrian walking behavior. Transportation Research Record,
1828(1), 20-30.
Gerilla, G. P., Hokao, K., & Takeyama, Y. (1995). Proposed level
of service standards for walkways in Metro Manila. Journal of the
Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 1(3), 1041-1060.
Hall, E. T. (1990). The Hidden Dimension Anchor Books Editions.
New York.
Hongfei, J. I. A., Lili, Y. A. N. G., & Ming, T. A. N. G. (2009). Pedestrian
flow characteristics analysis and model parameter calibration in
comprehensive transport terminal. Journal of Transportation Systems
Engineering and Information Technology, 9(5), 117-123.
Kotkar, K. L., Ras togi, R., & Chandra, S. (2010). Pedestrian flow
characteristics in mixed flow conditions. Journal of Urban Planning
and Development, ASCE, 136(3), 23-33.
Fruin, J. (1971). Pedestrian Planning and Design, Metropolitan
Association of Urban Design and Environmental Planners. Inc., New
York, 20, 6.
Krier, R., & Rowe, C. (1979). Urban space. London: Academy
Editions.
Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: an introduction to qualitative research
interviewing. Sage.
Lam, W. H., Lee, J. Y., Chan, K. S., & Goh, P. K. (2003). A generalized
function for modeling bi-directional flow effects on indoor walkways
in Hong Kong. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,
37(9), 789-810.
Navin, F. P., & Wheeler, R. J. (1969). Pedestrian flow characteristics.
Traffic Engineering, Inst Traffic Engr, 39.
Older, S. J. (1968). Movement of pedestrians on footways in shopping
streets. Traffic engineering & control, 10(4).
Polus, A., Schofer, J. L., & Ushpiz, A. (1983). Pedestrian flow and
level of service. Journal of transportation engineering, 109(1), 46-56.
Sarkar, A.K. & K.S.V.S. Janardhan (1997) “A study on pedestrian
flow characteristics,” In CD-ROM with Proceedings, Transportation
Research Board, Washington.
Seyfried, A., Passon, O., Steffen, B., Boltes, M., Rupprecht, T., &
Klingsch, W. (2009). New insights into pedestrian flow through
bottlenecks. Transportation Science, 43(3), 395-406.
Spreiregen, P. D. (1965). The architecture of towns and cities.
McGraw-Hill.
Tanaboriboon, Y., Hwa, S. S., & Chor, C. H. (1986). Pedestrian
characteristics study in Singapore. Journal of transportation
engineering, 112(3), 229-235.
Virkler, M. R., & Elayadath, S. (1994). Pedestrian speed-flow-density
relationships (No. HS-042 012).
Habitat, U. N. (2006). State of the World’s Cities 2006/7. New York:
United Nations.
Lozano-Perez, T. (1990). Spatial planning: A configuration space
approach. In Autonomous robot vehicles (pp. 259-271). Springer, New
York, NY.
Pushkarev, B., Zupan, J. M., Pushkarev, B., & Zupan, J. M. (1975).
Capacity of walkways. Transportation research record, 538, 1-15.
