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  • بررسی کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در استان گیلان و عوامل موثر بر آن

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آدرس مقاله


کد مقاله : 11731 بازدید : 113 صفحه: 75 - 88

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

بررسی کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در استان گیلان و عوامل موثر بر آن

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران

مجید حسینی نثار 1 (دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، گرایش مسایل اجتماعی ایران، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
حبیب اله زنجانی 2 (دانشیار جمعیت شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
سید محمد سید میرزایی 3 (استاد جمعیت شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
علیرضا کلدی 4 (استاد جامعه شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/12/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/12/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/01

کلید واژه: کیفیت زندگی, سالمندی, حمایت اجتماعی, مشارکت, گیلان,

چکیده مقاله :

مقایسه جمعیت سالمندی گیلان با کشور، نشان از آن دارد که درصدی سالمندی گیلان، 4 درصد بیشتر از درصد سالمندی کشور است و گیلان، حایز رتبه اول سالمندی در بین استان ها است. با توجه به افق جمعیتی استان گیلان، انتظار می رود این نسبت همچنان افزایش یابد و این مبحث به چالشی بزرگ برای استان تبدیل شود.. هدف از این تحقیق، شناخت وضعیت موجود از نظر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان و برنامه ریزی برای آینده آنان است. چارچوب نظری تحقیق به صورت تلفیقی است. متغیر کیفیت زندگی هم به صورت عینی و هم به صورت ذهنی مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. ابعادی از کیفیت زندگی مانند توانایی اقتصادی، سلامت، عملکرد ذهنی و همچنین مشارکت اجتماعی بر اساس نظریه فرانس، تنظیم شده است. حمایت اجتماعی نیز بر اساس نظریه لین، مورد سنجش و بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق براساس رهیافت علمی و از نوع پیمایش است و از پرسشنامه برای جمع آوری اطلاعات، استفاده می شود. نمونه ها شامل 400 نفر از سالمندان استان گیلان هستند که به روش خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شده اند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که سه متغیر حمایت اجتماعی، مشارکت و تحصیلات با کیفیت زندگی سالمندان، هم به صورت دو به دو و هم به صورت توامان، رابطه معنادار دارند. همجنین بر اساس ضریب بتای رگرسیون، به ترتیب از بیشترین تا کم ترین همبستگی، می توان مشارکت، حمایت اجتماعی و تحصیلات را نام برد. مجموع این سه متغیر، 57 درصد از تغییرات کیفیت زندگی را تبیین می کنند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The comparison of the aging population of Gilan with the country indicates that the percentage of the aging population of Gilan is 4% higher than the country's aging population and Gilan has the first rank among the provinces. Given the population horizon of Gilan province, this ratio is expected to continue to rise. And this is a big challenge for the province. The purpose of this research is to identify the status of the quality of life of the elders and their future planning. Theoretical framework of research is integrated. The variable of quality of life is examined both objectively and subjective. Dimensions of quality of life such as economic ability, health, mental performance as well as social participation are based on Franz's theory. Social support has also been evaluated based on Line's theory. Method of Research is based on scientific approach and survey. To collect information, Questionnaire has been used. Samples consisted of 400 elderly people in Gilan province selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The results indicate that three variables of social support, participation and education have a significant relationship with the quality of life of the elderly, Dual and both together.  Also, according to the beta coefficient of regression, the most to the least correlation, respectively, is participation, social support and education. The total of these three variables explains 57% of the changes in quality of life

منابع و مأخذ:


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_||_

  1. Baker, T.L. (2015). Doing Social Research. (Nayebi, .H). Tehran: Method publications. [Persian]
    2.
  2. Bandayrel K., Wong, S. (2011). Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Control Trials Assessing the Dffectiveness of Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Vol 43, No 4: 251-62.
    3.
  3. Bond, J. Corner, j. (2010). Quality of Life and Elderly. (Mohagheghi Kamal, S. H.). Tehran: Dangeh publications. [Persian]
    4.
  4. Carrilo-Gallegos, K., Mudgal, J., Sanchez, S., Wanger, F., Gallo, J., Salmeron, J., Garcia-p, C. (2009). Social Networks and Health-Related Quality of Life: a population based study among older adults. Saula Publica de Mexico, Vol 51 No 1: 6-13.
    5.
  5. Crowell, L.F. (2004). Weak ties: A Mechanism for Helping Women to Expand Their Social Networks and Increase Their Capital. The Social Science Journal, 41: 15-28.
    6.
  6. Cummins, RA. (2005). Moving From the Quality of Life Concept to a Theory. Journal of Intellectual disability research, 49(Pt 10): 699-706.
    7.
  7. Davidson, L. M. (2008). United States and Finnish Adolescents, petceptions of social support: Across-Cultural Analysis. School psychology International. Vol 28, No 1: 360-365.
    8.
  8. Drentea, P., & et al. (2006). Predictors of Improvement in Social Support. Social Sciences & Medicine, Vol 63, No 4: 957- 67.
    9.
  9. Fayers P M, Machin D. (2000). Quality of Life Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation. John Willy, New York.
    10.
  10. Ferrance، C: Powers، M. (1985). Quality of Life Index: Development and psychometric properties. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. Vol (8): 15-24, in Planning Degree the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
    11.
  11. Ferrans, C (1992). Conceptualization of Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Research. Progress in cardiovascular nursing, No 7: 2-6.
    12.
  12. Gatchel, R. J., Baum, A., Krantz, D. (1998). An Introduction to Health Psychology. (Khoynejad, G) Behneshar Company, Astan Quds Razavi Publications. [Persian]
    13.
  13. Ghazi, Tabatabae, M. (1997). Specific Research Techniques, Second Edition, Tehran, Payam Noor Publications. [Persian]
    14.
  14. Giddens, A. Griffiths. S. (2006). Sociology. Fifth Edition, London, Politi Prees.
    15.
  15. Haj Yousefi, A. (2006). Quality of Life and Corrective Strategies. Dehati Journal, No. 28: 1-28. [Persian]
    16.
  16. Helgeson, V.S. (2003). Social support and quality of life. Quality of life Research, 12: 25-31.
    17.
  17. Herzog, A. R., ofstedal, M. B., & Wheeler, L. M. (2002) Social Engagement and its Relationship to Health. Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Vol 18, No 3: 593-609.
    18.
  18. King CR., Hinds PS. (2003). Quality of Life from Nursing and Patient Perspective. Jones and Bartlett publishers. Massachusettes.
    19.
  19. Lin, Nan, (2001). Social Capital: A theory of social structure and action, Cambridge University Press.
    20.
  20. Lin, Nan. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. In Nam Lin, Katern Cook and Ronald s.burt, social capital: theory and research, New York: Adline de gruyter.
    21.
  21. Mirzaei, M. & Kaveh Firouzeh, Z. (2009). Quality of Life of Elderly People in Tehran and Participation in Their Social Activities with an Emphasis on Gender. Journal of Population Association of Iran, Vol. 4, No. 8: 123-148. [Persian]
    22.
  22. Mostafaei, A. (2010). Social Support and Quality of Life. Studying the formal and informal social support among retired elderly people in Tehran. M.S. Thesis, Unpublished, Social Science Research Group, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, AlZahra University. [Persian]
    23.
  23. Mousavi Sardashty, M. & et al. (2014).The Study of the Relationship between Emotional Support and Quality of Life in the Elderly of Kurdistan. Journal of Health Systems Research, Vol 10, No 1: 58-66. [Persian]
    24.
  24. Sajjadi, H., Biglariyan, A., (2006). Quality of Life of Elderly Women in Kahrizak Charity Nursing Home. Quarterly Journal of Payesh, Year 5, No 2, spring: 105-108. [Persian]
    25.
  25. Samadiyan, F. Garoosi, S. (2015). The Study of Relationship between Attitudes, Social Support and Quality of Life in the Elderly (Case Study: The Elderly Residents of Kerman). Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 11th year, autumn and winter: 189-206. [Persian]
    26.
  26. Sarafino, E. P. (1998). Health Psychology, Third Edition. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
    27.
  27. Sarason, I.G., Levine, H.M., Basham, R.B., & et al. (1983). Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 44, No 3:127- 139.
    28.
  28. Song, Lu. Shuzhuo, Li., Zhang, W., Feldman, M. (2008).International Support and Self-Rated Health of Elderly in Rural China: An Investigation in Chaohu, Anhuiprovince. Health longevity, 20: 33-42.
    29.
  29. Statistics Center of Iran. (2017). Detailed Results of Population Census and Country Statistics for 2006. Iranian Statistic Center Web Site, Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir, [Cited Sunday, 24 September, 2017]. [Persian]
    30.
  30. Statistics Center of Iran. (2017). Detailed Results of Population Census and Country Statistics for 2011. Iranian Statistic Center Web Site, Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir, [Cited Sunday, 24 September, 2017]. [Persian]
    31.
  31. Statistics Center of Iran. (2017). Detailed Results of Population Census and Country Statistics for 2016. Iranian Statistic Center Web Site, Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir, [Cited Sunday, 24 September, 2017]. [Persian]
    32.
  32. Testa, MA. Simonson, DC. (1996). Assesment of Quality of Life Outcome. N.Engl.J.Med. Vol (334):835-40.
    33.
  33. Zande Razavi, S. & et al. (2008). Investigating Barriers to agency Effective on organized Participation. (A Case Study of Bardsir Abadan City) Journal of Social Research, Vol. 1, No 1: 99-119. [Persian]
    34.

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