نقش عوامل عملکردی در سرزندگی فضاهای باز شهری (نمونه موردی: پارک ارم همدان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات مدیریت شهریمحمدرضا بمانیان 1 , مهرداد شهبازی 2
1 - استاد
2 - دانشجو
کلید واژه: فضای باز شهری, عملکرد, سرزندگی, پارک ارم همدان,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف پژوهش: عملکرد، غایت نهایی هر طراحی در برقراری ارتباط بین بهره وران و فضا می باشد. هدف این پژوهش یافتن مهمترین عامل تأثیرگذار در سرزندگی فضاهای باز شهری میباشد. روش پژوهش: با روش توصیفی _ تحلیلی ابتدا عوامل موجود در عملکرد فضاها با ابزار گردآوری پرسشنامه و مشاهده استخراج شده است سپس فرضیه تحقیق با تحلیل همبستگی Kendall’s tau_ b و Spearman’s rho و با پردازش پرسشنامه ها در نرم افزار Spssبا استفاده از تحلیل عاملی و بارگذاری متغیرها به روش varimaxارتباط دو شاخص عملکرد و سرزندگی در پارک ارم همدان را با روش تحلیل همبستگی مورد آزمون قرار می دهد. یافتهها: میان عوامل مؤثر بر سرزندگی پارک شهری، عامل کاربردی بیشترین تأثیر و بعداز آن به ترتیب عوامل زیستشناختی، مکانیکی و درنهایت عامل سیستمی کمترین تأثیر را در سرزندگی منطقه موردمطالعه گذاشته است. نتیجه گیری: عملکرد مطلوب پارک ارم همدان تابعی از چهار بعد زیستشناختی، مکانیکی، کاربردی و سیستمی است که مؤثرترین بعد، بعد کاربردی و متغیرهای آن ( تنوع، دسترسی، حمل و نقل، خرید و گردشگری و امنیت) است. بنابراین با توجه به میزان ضریب همبستگی، با تقویت این بعد، می توان میزان تأثیر ابعاد دیگر را نیز افزایش داد.
Introduction and Objective:Function is the definitive target of every designing which plays a significant role in relation between efficient and space. The purpose of this research is finding the most significant influenced factor in vitality of urban open space. Method: the methodology is descriptive-analytical and then the case-context method is used in assessing the area of study and finally the assessment and analysis of extracted factors from the literature of the research is presented. The methods are used for gathering data which are, questionnaire and interview and observation.This question is responded by Kolgmorof Smironov test and SPSS software is employed to examine different tests for assessing independent factors and then by using Varimax analysis and multi-factor regression of Kendall’s tau_ b and Spearman’s rho the portion of any of functional factors in the livability of urban open spaces is recognized. Findings: the most effective factor in the livability of Eram park of Hamedan is the practical factor which leaves the most considerable effect on the livability of this urban park due to the viewpoint of Hamedan citizens in general and especially from the standpoint of the Eram urban park users. After this factor there are other factors such as: biological factors, mechanical factors and in the final step systematic factors which have has less effect than the first one on the livability of Eram park of Hamedan. Conclusion: the optimal performance of Eram Park of Hamedan city is a function of the four dimensions of biological, mechanical, and functional system that the most effective one is Functional dimension and its variables (diversity, access, transport, shopping and tourism and security). Thus, according to the correlation coefficient, with the strengthening of this dimension, we can increase the effects of other aspects of dimensions and reinforce vitality.
11. ﻧﺎﭘﻠﯿﻦ، داﯾﺎ، ﺷﯿﻠﺪ، ﺳﻮزان (2005)، "ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ ﻧﻮ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﭘـﺎرکﻫـﺎی شهری"، ترجمه واراز مرادی مسیحی و دیگران، تهران.
12. Abdul Latip, N., Syala, Sh., Liew, M. Sh )2015 (, "Functional Dimension at ‘Kuala Lumpur Waterfront’ 1st National Conference on Environment-Behavior Studies", Architecture, Planning & Surveying, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,14-15.
13. Abdul Rahman, N., Shamsuddin, Sh., Ghani,I )2015(, "What Makes People Use the Street? Towards a Liveable Urban Environment in Kuala Lumpur City Centre", Asian Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies,Chung-Ang University, Seoul, S. Korea, 25-27 .
14. Alberti, L. B (1988), " On the Art of Building in Ten Books", Translated by Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach & Robert Tavernor, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London.
15. Capon, D., Smith, J., Wiley, S (1999), " Architectural Theory", The Vitruvian Fallacy. Vol. 1, London.
16. De Zurko, E (1957), " Origins of Functionalist Theory", Columbia University Press, New York.
17. Forty, A (2000), " Words and Buildings: A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture", Thames and Hudson, London.
18. Geoghegan, J) 2002(, " The value of open spaces in residential land use", land use policy, 19: 91-98.
19. Germann-Chiari, C., Seeland, K( 2004), "Are ur- ban green spaces optimally distributed to act as places for social integration? ", Results of a geographical informa- tion system GIS approach for urban forestry research, Forest Policy and Economics, 6: 3-13.
20. Lee, C., & Moudon, A.V (2004), "Physical activity and environment research in the health field: Implications for urban and transportation planning practice and research", Journal of Planning Literature, 19(2), 147–181.
21. McConnachie, M., Shackleton, C.M) 2010(, "Public green space inequality in small town in south Africa", Habitat International, 34: 244-248.
22. Munch, R (2015), "History of Functionalism», International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edition, Volume 9
23. Muruani, T., Amite-Cohen, I (2007), "Open space planning models: a review of approaches and methods", Landscape and urban planning, 81: 1-13.
24. Samadhi, T.N., Tantayanusorn, N (2006), "Reinventing religious land as urban open space: the case of kuang in Chiang Mai (Thailand) ", Habitat International, 30: 886-901.
25. Simeoforidis, Y (1993) , "On landscape and open spaces", Arch. & Behave, 3: 321-327.
26. Thompson, C. W (2002), "Urban open space in 21st century", Landscape and urban planning, 60: 59-72.
27. Van der, v (2005), " architect in use , an introduction to the programming design and evaluation of building", architectural press, London.
28. Veitch, J., Ball, K., Crawford, D., Abbott, G., Salmon, J (2012), "Park Improvements and Park Activity", A Natural Experiment, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol.42, NO. 6 : 616-619.
29. Wilkinson, P. F (1983), " Urban open space planning", Toronto: York University.
Zang Zarin, Sh., Niroomand, M., Heidari, A. A (2015), "Physical and Social Aspects of Vitality Case Study: Traditional street and modern street in Tehran ",AcE-Bs2014Seoul.