وابستگی خصوصیات رواناب به ابعاد کرت در کشتزار دیم تحت باران های منطقه نیمه خشک
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاریعلی رضا واعظی 1 , مژگان نوقان 2 , مجید فرومدی 3
1 - گروه علوم خاک-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه زنجان
2 - کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی از دانشگاه زنجان
3 - دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان
کلید واژه: حجم کل رواناب, رواناب در واحد سطح, ضریب رواناب, کرت فرسایشی,
چکیده مقاله :
رواناب عامل مهم فرساینده خاک است که تولید آن تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد از جمله طول دامنه قرار می گیرد. آگاهی از این موضوع می تواند در برنامه ریزی حفاظتخاک بهویژه در کشتزارهای دیم سودمند باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین اثر طول دامنه بر خصوصیات رواناب (حجم کل رواناب، رواناب در واحد سطح و ضریب22 متر) با عرض یکسان بر اساس معادله جهانی / رواناب) در منطقه نیمه خشک در شمال غرب ایران بود. برای این منظور، تعداد 22 کرت با طول های مختلف ( 1 تا 1هدررفت خاک در زمینی دیم با شیب یکنواخت 10 درصد احداث شدند. مشخصات رواناب تحت باران طبیعی برای یک دوره چهارده ماهه از فروردین 1394 تا خردادهم چنین تولید رواناب در کرتهای .(p <0/ 1395 اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوتی معنیدار بین کرتها از نظر حجم کل رواناب تولید شده وجود داشت ( 00122 متر) تفاوت معنی دار از نظر تولید رواناب نداشتند. به طور کلی رابطه ای / با این حال کرت های با طول بزرگ تر (از 9 تا 1 (p <0/ تا طول 8 متر نیز متفاوت بود ( 01وجود داشت. ضریب رواناب طی رخدادهای بارندگی دچار تغییرات زیاد شد با این وجود رابطه ای بین ضریب (R² =0/ معنی دار بین حجم رواناب و طول کرت ( 97رواناب و شدت بارندگی مشاهده نشد. رواناب در واحد سطح نیز با افزایش طول کرت تا طول 8 متر به شدت افزایش یافته و از آن پس دچار کاهش تدریجی شد. بر ایناساس کرت با طول 8 متر را می توان کرتی مناسب برای مطالعات رواناب در کشتزارهای دیم در نظر گرفت.
Runoff is the major soil erosive factor which can be controlled to different factors such as hillslope length.Knowledge of the role of hillslope length in runoff can help in designing soil conservation practices particularlyin rainfed lands. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slope length on runoff in rainfed lands ofsemi-arid regions, north west of Iran. Twenty two plots with different lengths ranging from 1 to 22.1 m and withthe same width were installed on a 10% slope according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. Runoffcharacteristics (total runoff volume, runoff per area and runoff coefficient) were determined for a fourteen-monthperiod from March 2015 to Jun 2016. The results indicated that significant difference was found among the plotsin total runoff volume (P< 0.0001). Total runoff volume was significantly differed from 1-m plot to 8-m plotwhile in the higher plots (from 9-m to 22.1-m plots) there was no statistically difference among the plots(R2=0.97). In general, a significant relationship was found between total runoff and the plot length. Runoffcoefficient was largely differed in the rainfall event. There was no significant relationship between runoffcoefficient and rainfall intensity. Runoff per area increased from plot 1-m to plot 8-m and decreased gradually inthe larger plots. According to this result, plot 8-m can be considered as a proper plot for investigating runoff inthe rainfed lands.
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