ارزیابی میزان انباشتگی کادمیوم و جذب عناصر ریزمغذی در گیاه کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.) تحت تنش کلریدکادمیوم

محورهای موضوعی : تغذیه

رقیه حیدری ¹ , الهام محجل کاظمی ² , هوشنگ نصرتی ³ , مریم کلاهی ⁴ , علی موافقی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم گیاهی، سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم گیاهی، سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - استاد گروه علوم گیاهی، سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران
5 - استاد گروه علوم گیاهی، سلولی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/07/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/08/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/10/01

کلید واژه: ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی, انباشتگی کادمیوم, سمیت, کاهو (Lactuca sativa L.),

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: کادمیوم به عنوان یک عنصر سنگین و بسیار سمی، به دلیل تحرک و حلالیت زیاد تهدید جدی برای سلامتی انسان و سایر موجودات به شمار می‌آید. فلز کادمیوم از طریق عدم ایجاد نشانه‌ی سمیت، در بافت‌های گیاهان انباشته شده و به زنجیره غذایی انسان راه می-یابد. میزان انتقال کادمیوم از سبزیجات به رژیم غذایی انسان به انباشتگی آن در بخش‌های مختلف گیاه بستگی دارد. بر همین اساس به منظور بررسی میزان جذب فلزات سنگین توسط گیاه کاهو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی میزان انباشتگی و آلودگی کادمیوم در اندام‌های مختلف گیاه کاهو انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح کاملا تصادفی در 3 تکرار صورت گرفت. جهت بررسی میزان پتانسیل گیاه کاهو به منظور جذب کادمیوم و سایر عناصر ریزمغذی از 4 سطح کلریدکادمیوم (0، 30، 60 و 90 میکروگرم بر گرم پرلیت) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: در حضور کادمیوم محتوی فنل کل، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کاهو نسبت به نمونه شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشت. همچنین، با توجه به نتایج با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم در میزان پروتئین کل و قند محلول گیاه کاهو نسبت به نمونه‌ی شاهد افزایش مشاهده شد. با افزایش اعمال کادمیوم به گیاه کاهو تجمع کادمیوم در ریشه و اندام هوایی سیر صعوی نشان داد به‌طوری‌که، افزایش در ریشه به مراتب بیشتر از اندام هوایی کاهو بود.نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن بود که گیاه کاهو به عنوان یک گیاه انباشته کننده کادمیوم با قابلیت تجمع بالای فلزات سنگین در ریشه و اندام هوایی است. به همین منظور، لزوم مدیریت کشت سبزیجات در خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین جهت حفظ سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: The high mobility and solubility of cadmium pose a serious threat to the health of humans and other organisms. There are no signs of toxicity when cadmium metal accumulates in the tissues of plants and enters the human food chain. Cadmium transfer rates from vegetables to the human diet depend on their accumulation. Thus, inorder to investigate heavy metal absorption by lettuce, this research evaluated the levels of cadmium accumulating in various lettuce organs. Materials and Methods: The seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn) were cultivated in autoclaved pots containing perlite and cocopeat (with a ratio of 2 to 1). The pots were kept under greenhouse conditions of 25±1 (day temperature) and 20±1 (night temperature) and light/dark conditions were placed. About three weeks after the plants reached the three-leaf stage, the seedlings were treated with cadmium chloride in 3 replicates. Four concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 90 μg/g perlite) were used every 3 days. After 5 stages of treatment and 28 days after cultivation, the third leaf of the plants was used for the studies. Results: Cadmium increased lettuce's phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant content significantly as compared to the control sample. Furthermore, by increasing the concentrations of cadmium, lettuce showed an increase in total protein, soluble sugar, free amino acids, proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide as compared to the control sample. Due to the increasing amount of cadmium applied to lettuce plants, an increase in the amount of cadmium in the roots was greater than in the aerial parts. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research indicated that lettuce is a cadmium accumulating plant with the ability to accumulate heavy metals in its roots and aerial parts. Contaminated with heavy metals, it seems necessary to protect the health of consumers.

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