بررسی تاثیر فاصله و عرض کاشت گونه های درختی فضای سبز شهر آباده در کنترل آلودگی صوتی

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی صدا

محمد برزگر ¹ (کارشناس ارشد خدمات شهری شهرداری آباده، گروه محیط زیست، واحد آباده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آباده، ایران.)
هانیه نوذری ² (استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، واحد آباده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آباده، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/03/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/07/01

کلید واژه: آلودگی صوتی, گونه درختی, تراز شدت صوت, فضای سبز, آباده,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: فضای سبز در کاهش آلودگی صوتی موثر است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر گونه های درختی موجود در فضای سبز شهر آباده و نیز تاثیر ردیف های درختکاری شده و عرض کاشت در کاهش شدت صوت بوده است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه چهار ایستگاه در دو منطقه در شهر آباده شامل بلوار شهید چمران و کنار گذر شمالی انتخاب و نمونه برداری در اسفند ماه 1396 در دو نوبت صبح و عصر با استفاده از دستگاه صداسنجCirrusمدل CR:303انجام شد و از هر ایستگاه 25 داده و در مجموع 400 داده ثبت گردید. یافته ها: نتایج مقایسه میانگین تراز شدت صوت اندازه گیری شده در دو منطقه مورد مطالعه در دو نوبت صبح و عصر با استاندارد ملی ایران نشان می دهد میانگین تراز شدت صوت در هر دو منطقه ازحد استاندارد بالاتر است؛ بنابراین با وجود فضای سبز، آلودگی صوتی در هر دو منطقه وجود دارد. نتایج مطالعه ترازهای شدت صوت در بلوار شهید چمران و کنار گذر شمالی در دو نوبت صبح و عصر نشان می دهد بین فاصله از منبع تولید صدا (فاصله از خیابان) و تعداد ردیف درخت کاشته شده و میانگین تراز شدت صوت هبستگی منفی وجود دارد واین بدین معناست که هرچه فاصله از خیابان وتعداد ردیف های درخت کاشته شده بیشتر باشد میزان کاهش صدا بیشتر خواهد بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بیشترین کاهش صدا در بلوار شهید چمران مربوط به فاصله 54 متری از لبه خیابان با 14ردیف کاشت با میانگین تراز شدت صوت به ترتیب برای صبح و عصر 04/65 و 96/60 دسی بل و در کنار گذر شمالی مربوط به فاصله 85 متری از لبه خیابان با 10 ردیف کاشت و وجود یک تپه با میانگین تراز شدت صوت به ترتیب برای صبح و عصر 04/65 و 08/64 دسی بل بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Green space is effective in reducing noise pollution. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of tree species in the green space of Abadeh, as well as the number of tree plantation rows and planting width on decreasing the intensity of sound. Method: In this study, four stations in two areas was selected in Abadeh city including Shahid Chamran Blvd. and Northern Passageway and sampling was carried out in two turns in the morning and evening using the Cirrus sound level  meter CR: 303 in March, 2018 and 25 data in each station and 400 data in total was recorded. Findings: The results of comparing the average sound intensity level measured in the two studied areas in the morning and evening with the Iranian national standard show that the average sound intensity level in both regions is higher than the standard; So despite the green space, there is noise pollution in both areas. The results of the study of sound intensity levels in Shahid Chamran Boulevard and along the northern passage in the morning and evening show that there is a negative correlation between the distance from the sound source (distance from the street) and the number of rows of trees planted and the average sound intensity level. This means that the greater the distance from the street and the number of rows of trees planted, the greater the amount of noise reduction. Discussion and Conclusion: The highest noise reduction in Shahid Chamran Boulevard is related to the distance of 54 meters from the edge of the street with 14 rows of planting with average sound intensity level for morning and evening of 65.04 and 60.96 dB, respectively, and next to the northern passage is related to the distance of 85 meters from the edge. The street was planted with 10 rows and there was a hill with an average level of sound intensity for the morning and evening of 65.04 and 64.08 dB, respectively.

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