شناسایی و پراکنش خارپوستان در سواحل شمالی جزیره کیش
محورهای موضوعی : بیولوژی دریاسیمین نجف شاد 1 , پریسا نجات خواه معنوی 2 , عبدالرحیم وثوقی 3
1 - دانشجوی فوق لیسانس بوم شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریای، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال
3 - استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال
کلید واژه: تراکم, خلیج فارس, ضریب پایداری, جزیره کیش, خارپوستان,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: خارپوستان یکی از قدیمی ترین و مهم ترین گروه های دریایی هستند که نقش مهمی را در اکولوژی دریا به خصوص در مناطق مرجانی ایفا می کنند. در تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی گونه های خارپوستان در منطقه بین جزرومدی و عمق 5 متری سواحل شمالی جزیره کیش در دو فصل زمستان 1392 و تابستان 1393 انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: در سواحل شمالی جزیره کیش تعداد 4 ایستگاه (دیدنی ها،درخت سبز،سیمرغ و کمپ رحیمی) با توجه به ویژگی های منطقه انتخاب و منطقه سیمرغ به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. جمع آوری گونه ها به وسیله کوادرات یک در یک متر مربع صورت گرفت؛ سپس شمارش و شناسایی گونه ها انجام پذیرفت. یافته ها: از رده خارپوستان در مجموع 184 نمونه جمع آوری شد که به 4 رده،6 خانواده و 7 گونه Holothuria leucospilota ، Holothuria (selenkothuria)Bacilla ، Diadema setosum ،Echinometra mathaei ،Clypeaster reticulatus ،Linckia multiflora ،Macrophiothrix elongateتعلق داشتند. در تحقیق حاضر، در منطقه بین جزرومدی هیچ نمونه ای از خارپوستان یافت نشد وتنها گونه Echinometra mathaeiدر ایستگاه سیمرغ مشاهده شد. در این تحقیق برای اولین بار گونه های Macrophiothrix elongata, Holothuria (selenkothuria) Bacilla, Holothuria leucospilota,، Clypeaster reticulatusدر عمق 5 متری شمال جزیره کیش دیده شدند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج، تراکم گونه ها در فصل تابستان بیش تر از فصل زمستان بود. گونه Echinometra mathaeiدر عمق 5 متری همه ایستگاه ها بیش ترین حضور را داشته و با ضریب پایداری24.4 در فصل تابستان و18.4 در فصل زمستان جزءگونه های رایج منطقه می باشد.هم چنین در فصل سرد شاخص تنوع افزایش و در فصل گرم کاهش یافت.بررسی شاخص های ضریب پایداری، غنا و تنوع گونه ای در سواحل شمالی جزیره کیش، نشان داد که تنها ایستگاه سیمرغ فاقد استرس بوده و دارای گونه های نادر می باشد و سه ایستگاه دیدنی ها،درخت سبز و کمپ رحیمی تحت استرس محیطی قرار داشته و دارای گونه های رایج اندکی می باشد.
Background and Objective: Echinoderms are one of the oldest and the most important marine groups. They play an important role in oceans’ ecology especially in coral reefs. Various species of Echinodermata were identified in the depth of 5 m and in intertidal zone of northern coasts of Kish Island in winter and summer of 2014. Method: Four stations at the northen coast of Kish Island (Simorgh, Didaniha, Kampe Rahimi, Derakhtsabz) were selected in terms of the characteristics of the zone, and Simorgh site was selected as the main station. Specimens were collected using a 1×1 m2 quadrat and identified following recovery and counting. Findings: Totally, 184 specimens were collected and they belonged to 4 Classes, 6 Families and 7 Species of Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, Clypeaster reticulates, Linckia multiflora, Macrophiothrix elongate, Holothuria (selenkothuria) Bacilla, Holothuria leucospilota. Except for Echinometra mathaei which was identified in “Simorgh station”, no other type of Echinodermata was found in intertidal zone of other stations. In this study, Clypeaster reticulatus, Holothuria leucospilota, Macrophiothrix elongate, Holothuria (selenkothuria) Bacilla were found for the first time in the depth of 5 m of Kish Island. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that density of Echinodermata was higher in summer than in winter. Echinometra mathaei was the most prominent species in the southern cost of Kish Island with a stability coefficient of 24.4 and 18.4 for summer and the winter, respectively. Moreover, indexes of richness increases in cold season and decreased in warm season. According to the stability coefficient and indexes of richness and density in the northern cost of the island, only Simorgh station has no stress and contains rare species. However, other three stations of Didaniha, Derakhtsabz and Kampe Rahimi are under stress and have little common species.
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- Kotpal, R.L., 2003. Zoology phyllum 8, Echinodermata, 5th edition, Rastogi publications, 219p.
- Iken, k, Konar, B, Benedetti-cecchilisandro, Cruz-motta, JJ, Knowlton, A., 2010. Large-scale spatial distribution patterns of Echinoderms in nearshore rocky habitats. Plos One, 5(11): e13845.journal. pone.
- Humann, P., Deloach, N., 2002. Reef creature Identification. Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publication ins, Jacksonville, Florida. pp 350-399.
- Grizmek, B., 2004. Grizmek’s animal life ecyclopedia. Volume1: Lower metazoans and lesser Deuterostomes. 2nd edition. Thomson-Gale.Xvii, 514p.
- Pawson, D.L., Miller, J.E., 2008. Echinoderms Encyclopedia Britannica Online.15 Nov.
- James, D, B., 2001. Twenty sea cucumbers from sea around India, Naga. The IculampQuarterly, Vol (24): 4-9
- Hiratsuka, Y, Uehara, T., 2007. Feeding rates and absorption efficiencies of four species of sea urchins (genus Echinometra) fed a prepared diet.See comment in PubMed Commons belowComp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.148(1):223-9.
- Alhazem, Sh.H., 2004. Sea urchin population dynamics on Kuwait reefs. (abstract).
- Mortensen, T., 1940. Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf.Danish scientific investigation in Iran. Part II. EinarMunksgaard, Copen hang: p 55-137.
- Coll, M., Piroddii, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschener, K., Lasram, F.B.R., Aguzzi, J., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C.N., Corbera, J., Dailianis, T., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. Plos One, 5:1-334.
- Foroughans. Q, 1997. Identification and Distribution of Some Biological Findings of Echinoderms of Kish Island, Masters Thesis, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. 156 p. (In Persian)
- Izadi. Q, 2008. Identification and Investigation of Temporal Variation of Echinoderm Species Diversity in the Intertidal Areas of the South Coast of Qeshm Island, M.Sc. Shahid Beheshti University. 102 p. (In Persian)
- Hassan Damavandi. M., 2015. Identification and Distribution of Echinoderms in the Area Between the Terrestrial and the 5m Depth South of Kish Island, M.Sc., Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. 130 p. (In Persian)
- Price, A.R.G., 1983. Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia.Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5:28-108.
- Clarck.A.M.; Rowe FEW.; 1971. Monograph of shallow-water Indo-west pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History). London, 238 pp.
- http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Echinodermata/
- http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1806
- Clarck, K.R.; Wareick, R.M., 1994. Similarity-based testing for community pattern: the 2-way layout with no replication. Mar Biol, 118, 167-176.
- 19-Nybakken, J.W, Bertness, M.D., 2005. Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach.6th edition. pearson education, Inc, Publishing as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St, San Francisco. 579 p.
- Sugawara T, Zaima N, Yamamoto A, Suki S, Noguchi R, Hirata T., 2006. Isolation of sphenoid bases of sea cucumber; Published on behalf of Japan Society for Biosci. Biotechnol.Biochem. 70(12): 2906-12
- Marsh, L.M. and Morrison, S.M., 2004. Echinoderms of Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Record of the Western Australia Museum Supplement. 66:293-349.
- Price, A.R.G., 1983. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia, Echinoderms of the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, Journal. Natural history, 15: 1-15
- Frojan, C.R.S.B.; kendall, M.A.; Paterson, G.L.J.; Hawkins, L.E., Nimsantijaroen, S., Aryuthaka, C., 2006. Patterns of polychaete diversity in selected tropical intertidal intertidal habitats. Sientia Marine, 70S3: 239-248.