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  • ارزیابی خاک فضای سبز پایانه مسافربری امام رضا (ع) مشهد، در راستای مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار

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کد مقاله : JEST-1601-2365 (R3) بازدید : 106 صفحه: 147 - 163

10.22034/jest.2020.10239

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

ارزیابی خاک فضای سبز پایانه مسافربری امام رضا (ع) مشهد، در راستای مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

صدیقه ملکی 1 (مدرس گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه.* (مسوول مکاتبات))
رضا پوزشی 2 (مدرس گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه.)
علیرضا کریمی 3 (استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.)
محسن شریعتی 4 (دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: خصوصیات خاک, ارزیابی محدودیت, پایانه مسافربری امام رضا (ع), آلودگی خاک,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: وجود تغییرات مکانی در خصوصیات خاک امری طبیعی می‌باشد و شناخت این تغییرات به ویژه در فضای سبز جهت برنامه‌ریزی دقیق و مدیریت امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. از سوی دیگر، با افزایش نیاز جوامع به جابه‌جایی، ارتباطات و استفاده از وسایل نقلیه، روز به روز افزایش یافته است که خودروها عموما منابع اصلی تولید آلاینده‌های فلزات سنگین در شهرها هستند. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی محدودیت‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک فضای سبز و هم‌چنین تعیین میزان غلظت سرب و کادمیوم به‌عنوان شاخص‌های آلودگی ترافیکی پایانه مسافربری امام رضا (ع)، در بخش جنوب غرب شهر مشهد بود. روش بررسی: نمونه‌برداری در 129 نقطه از عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متری انجام شد. از طرفی برای تعیین ویژگی‌های عمقی خاک، سه خاک‌رخ تشریح و نمونه‌برداری شدند. نقشه‌های درون‌یابی عناصر با استفاده از روش‌های زمین‌آماری در نرم‌افزار ArcGIS تهیه گردید. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که مهم‌ترین محدودیت این خاک‌ها عمق کم آن‌ها می‌باشد که عمدتا فاقد عمق کافی جهت رشد و توسعه درختان با سیستم ریشه‌ای عمیق می‌باشند. از سویی غلظت عناصر غذایی در خاک پایین‌تر از حد کفایت بود. نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی تهیه شده نیز حاکی از آن است که این تغییرات به صورت لکه‌ای بوده و منطقه نیازمند مدیریت موضعی می‌باشد. غلظت آلوده‌کننده‌های کادمیوم نیز در منطقه بالای حد آستانه است ولی برای سرب در حال حاضر آلودگی خاک جدی نمی‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: The presence of spatial changes in soil properties is normal, and it is inevitable to recognize these changes, especially in green spaces, for careful planning and management. On the other hand, with the increasing need of communities for transportation, communications and the use of vehicles, it has become increasingly common for cars to be the main source of heavy metal pollutants in cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical limitations of green space soil and also to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium as indicators of traffic pollution of Imam Reza (AS) passenger terminal in the southwestern part of Mashhad. Analysis method: Sampling was performed at 129 points at a depth of 20-0 cm. On the other hand, to determine the deep characteristics of the soil, three soil samples were described and sampled. Element mapping maps were prepared using statistical methods in ArcGIS software. Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that the most important limitation of these soils is their shallow depth, which mainly lacks sufficient depth for the growth and development of trees with deep root systems. On the other hand, the concentration of nutrients in the soil was lower than sufficient. The prepared zoning maps also indicate that these changes are spotty and that the area needs local management. The concentration of cadmium contaminants is also high in the threshold area, but for lead, soil contamination is not currently serious.

منابع و مأخذ:


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_||_

  1. Ayoubi Sh, and Jalalian A. Land evaluation (agricultural and natural resource land uses. Isfahan University of Technology press, 2014; p. 386. (In Persian)
    2.
  2. Balram Sh, and Dragicevic S. Attitudes Toward urban green space: integrating guestionnaire survey and collaborative GIS techniques to improve attitude measurements. landscape and urban planning. 2005; NO 71: pp. 147-162.
    3.
  3.  Azani M, Abdianrad M, Maleki M. Urban green space planning with the focus on warm and dry regions of southern Iran. Geographic Space. 2010.  Vol 10(31): pp. 1-26. (In Persian)
    4.
  4. .Sharma S, and Prasad, F.M. Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). Electronic Journal Chem. 2010; Vol 7(4): pp. 1174-1183.
    5.
  5. We B, and Yang L. A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem Journal. 2010; NO 94: pp. 99–107.
    6.
  6. Grigalaviciene I, Rutkoviene V, and Marozas V. The accumulation of heavy metals Pb, Cu. 2005.
    7.
  7. Khairy M, barakat A, mostafa A, and wade T. Multielement determination by flame atomic absorption of road dust samples in delta region Egypt. Microchemical journal. 2011; No 97: pp. 234- 242.
    8.
  8. Fontanetti C, Nogarol L, de Souza R, Perez D, and Maziviero G. Bioindicators and Biomarkers in the Assessment of Soil Toxicity. In soil Contamination (chapter 8), MSc Simone Pascucci (Ed.); 2011. ISBN: 978-953-307-647-8, In Tech.
    9.
  9. Consulting engineers Farhanad Azar. Mashhad city development plan, safety and security. 2012, p. 131. (In Persian)
    10.
  10. Rashid Shomali A, and Khodaverdiloo H. Contamination of soils and plants along Urmia-Salmas highway (Iran) to some heavy metals. Water and Soil science. 2012; Vol 22(3): pp. 157-172. (In Persian)
    11.
  11. Godwin R.J, and. Miller P.C.H. A review of the technologies for mapping within- field variability. Biosyststems Engineering. 2003; No 84: pp. 393-407.
    12.
  12. Quine T.A and Zhang Y. An investigation of spatial variation in soil erosion, soil properties and crop production within an agricultural field in Devon, U.K. Journal of soil and water conservation. 2002; No 57: pp. 50-60.
    13.
  13. Bosun S.Z, and Qiguo Z. Evaluation of spatial and temporal changes of soil quality based on geostatistical analysis in the hill region of subtropical, china. Geoderma. 2003; NO 115: pp. 85-99.
    14.
  14. Mohammadi Sani M, Astaraei A, Fotovat A, Lakziyan A, and Taheri M. The effect of Zeolite and TSP on speciation of Pb, Zn and Cd in mine waste. Journal of Water and Soil. 2011; Vol 25(1): p. 42-50. (In Persian)
    15.
  15. Bouyouco G.J. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agron Journal. 1962; NO 54: pp. 464-465.
    16.
  16. Page A.L, Miller R.H, and Keeney D.R. Methods of Soil Analysis. 2th Ed, Part 2: Chemical and biological properties, Soil Sci Soc Am Inc. publisher; 1982.
    17.
  17. Walkley A, and Black I.A. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934; NO 37: PP. 29-38.
    18.
  18. Bremmer J.M, and Mulvaney C.S. Total nitrogen. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agron Journal. 1982; No 9: Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological properties.
    19.
  19. Richards L.A. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soil. USDA Hand book; 1954. No 60: Office Washington. DC.
    20.
  20. Olsen S.R, and Summer L.E. Phosphorus. In: A. L. Page (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Agron Journal. 1982; No 9: Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd ed., p. 403-430. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA.
    21.
  21. Chapman H.D. Cation exchange capacity. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Black, C.A. (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 1965.
    22.
  22. ISO/CD 11466. Soil Quality-Extraction of Trace Elements Soluble in Aqua-Regia, Switzerland. the international organization for standardization. 1995; p.12.
    23.
  23. Burgess T.M; and Webster R. Optimal interpolation and isarthmic mapping of soil properties: I the semi-variogram and punctual kriging. Journal of Soil Science. 1980; No 31: pp. 315- 331.
    24.
  24. Faiz y, Tufail m, Tayyeb j, Chadhurry m, and Siddigu n. Road dust pollution of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn along Islamabad Expressway Pakistan. Microchemical Journal. 2009; No 92, pp. 186–192.
    25.
  25. SahehQadam Lotfi A. Lead metabolism and its toxicities. Tarbiat Modares University Press. 1988. (In Persian)
    26.
  26. .Bolan N.S, Adriano B.C, and Mani, P.A. Immobilization and phytoavailibility of cadmium in variable chargesoilsII. Effect of lime addition. Plant and Soil. 2003; NO 251: pp.187-198.
    27.
  27. Wang X. Integrating GIS, simulation models and visualization in traffic impact analysis. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2005; NO 29: pp. 471–496.
    28.
  28. Afyouni M, Erfanmanesh M. Environmental pollution: water, soil and air. Arkan press, Isfahan. 2011; p. 318. (In Persian)
    29.
  29. Gorska M. Phytoremediation in Poland. 2011; Available at: www.ics.triest.it, Access time: 25/6/2011.
    30.
  30. Rahimi Gh, Dodangeh H, Marofi S, and Gholami M The effects of chemical and organic manures on stabilization of Lead and Cadmium in polluted soils. J. of Water and Soil Conservation. 2015; Vol 21(5): pp. 71-92. (In Persian)
    31.
  31. Salardini A.A. Soil fertility. Tehran University Press. 2005; p. 434. (In Persian)
    32.
  32. Mohammad M.J, Athamneh B.M, Changes in soil fertility and plant uptake of nutrients and heavy metals in response to sewage sludge application to calcareous soils. Journal of Agronomy. 2004; Vol 3(3): pp. 229-36.
    33.

 

 

 

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