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کد مقاله : JEST-1603-2469 (R1) بازدید : 139 صفحه: 109 - 121

10.22034/jest.2019.10464

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

ارزیابی نقش خشکسالی بر فراوانی وقوع گرد و غبار در استان خراسان رضوی

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)

مهدی بروغنی 1 , حمیدرضا مرادی 2 , محمدعلی زنگنه اسدی 3 , سیما پورهاشمی 4

1 - استادیار مرکز پژوهشی علوم جغرافیا و مطالعات اجتماعی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری
2 - استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس*(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه اقلیم و ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری
4 - دکتری ژئومرفولوژی دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/05/01

کلید واژه: پهنه‌بندی گرد و غبار, شاخص SPI, پهنه‌بندی خشک‌سالی, استان خراسان رضوی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک پدیده گرد و غبار به طور مکرر اتفاق می­افتد. این پدیده اثرات جدی روی سلامت انسان، فرسایش خاک، بیابان­زایی و حمل و نقل دارد. خشک­سالی یکی از پدیده­های طبیعی است که در اثر کاهش بارش به­وجود آمده و باعث کاهش پوشش گیاهی و افزایش گرد و غبار می­شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط بین تعداد وقوع گرد و غبار و خشک­سالی اقلیمی می­باشد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق از شاخص SPI برای محاسبه خشک­سالی استفاده گردید. داده­های مربوط به بارش از سال (2010-1980) و داده­های مربوط به گرد و غبار از سال 2010-2004 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. سپس پهنه­بندی گرد و غبار و خشک­سالی در دوره آماری مشترک (2010-2004) با استفاده از روش کریجینگ در نرم افزار ArcGIS صورت گرفت. یافته­ها: نتایج پهنه­بندی تعداد وقوع گرد و غبار و خشک­سالی حاکی از آن است که سال 2008 بیش­ترین تعداد وقوع گرد و غبار (226 واقعه گرد و غبار) و خشک­سالی شدید در سطح استان بوده است. هم­چنین سال 2005 کم­ترین تعداد وقوع گرد و غبار (85 واقعه گرد و غبار) و شرایط ترسالی در سطح استان حاکم بوده است. بحث و نتیجه­گیری: نتایج نشان می­دهد که بین وقوع گرد و غبار با خشک­سالی ارتباطی مستقیم وجود دارد و در سال­هایی که شدت خشک­سالی زیاد یا کم شده، بر تعداد وقوع گرد و غبار نیز افزوده یا از آن کاسته شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: In arid and semi-arid regions dust phenomenon occurs frequently. These phenomenon seriously affects the human health, soil erosion, desertification and transport. Drought is one of the natural phenomena that decrease precipitation, reduce vegetation and increase dust in case study. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the number of dust events and climatic drought. Method: In this study, SPI index was used to estimate drought. Rainfall data for the years 1980-2010 and data of the dust for the years 2004-2010 were analyzed. The zoning dust and drought in the same period (2010-2004) was performed using the Kriging method in ArcGIS software. Findings: The results of zoning the occurrence of dust and drought suggest that the greatest number of dust events (226 dust events) and severe drought happened in the province in 2008. Also, in 2005, the lowest number of dust events (85 dust events) and wet conditions prevailed in the province. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate the direct relationship between dust event and drought, and dust event increased or decreased during the years that drought intensity increased or decreased.                          

منابع و مأخذ:


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  28. Mosavi Baygi, M., Ashraf, B., 2011. “Study of synoptic patterns leading to autumn and winter droughts in Khorasan Razavi province”. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Research, 18(4): 167-184. (In Persion)
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    31.
  31. Razeie, T., DaneshKar Arasteh, P., Akhgari, R., Saghafean, B., 2007. “Survey of meteorological droughts in Sistan and Baluchestan province using SPI index and Markov Chain Model”. Iranian Water Resources Research Journal, 3(1): 25-35. (In Persion)
    32.
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    33.
  33. Lee, E.H., Sohn, B.J., 2011. Recent increasing trend in dust frequency over Mongolia and Inner Mongolia regions and its association with climate and surface condition change, Atmospheric Environment, 45(27): 4611-4616.
    34.
  34. Lamb, P.J., Leslie, L.M., Timmer, R., Speer, M.S., 2009. Multidecadal variability of Eastern Australian dust and Northern New Zealand sunshine: associations with Pacific climate system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114:1-12.
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  35. Leslie, L.M., Speer, M.S., 2006. Modelling dust transport over central eastern Australia, Meteorological Applications, 13(2): 141–167.
    36.
  36. Prospero, J.M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S.E., Gill, T.E., 2002. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer absorbing aerosol product, Reviews of Geophysics, 40(1): 2–31
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_||_

  1. Alizadeh Choobari, O., Zawar-Reza, P., Sturman, A., 2014. The global distribution of mineral dust and its impacts on the climate system: A review, Atmospheric Research, 138(1): 152-165.
    2.
  2. Akhlaq, M., Sheltami, TR., Mouftah, H.T., 2012. A review of techniques and technologies for sand and dust storm detection, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 11(3):305–22.
    3.
  3. Hahnenberger, M., Kathleen, N., 2014. Geomorphic and land cover identification of dust sources in the eastern Great Basin of Utah, U.S.A., Geomorphology, 204(2): 657-672.
    4.
  4. Tan, M., Li, X., Xin, L., 2014. Intensity of dust storms in China from 1980 to 2007: A new definition, Atmospheric Environment, 85(4): 215-222.
    5.
  5. Grineski, S.E., Staniswalis, J.G., Bulathsinhala, P., Peng, Y., Gill T.E., 2011. Hospital admissions for asthma and acute bronchitis in El Paso, Texas: do age, sex, and insurance status modify the effects of dust and low wind events?, Environmental Research, 111(8): 1148–1155.
    6.
  6. Johnston, F., Hanigan, I., Henderson, S., Morgan, G., Bowman, D., 2011. Extremeair pollution events frombrushfires and dust storms and their association withmortality in Sydney, Australia 1994–2007, Environmental Research, 111(12): 811–816.
    7.
  7. Moradi, H.R., Rajabi, M., Faragzadeh, M., 2011. Investigation of meteorological drought characteristics in Fars province, Iran, Catena, 84(2): 35-46.
    8.
  8. Herweijer, C., Seager, R., Cook, K., Geay, E., 2013. North AmericanDroughts of the Last Millennium from a Gridded Network of Tree-Ring Dat, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, Drying Technology: An International Journal, Volume 31, Issue 15.
    9.
  9. Salhvand, I., Montazeri, M., Momeni, M., 2013. "Drought zoning with indices (ZSI, CZI, DI, PNI and SPI) and sequences in Khuzestan province cities in GIS environment". Zagros Landscape Geography and Urban Planning Quarterly, 17(3): 35-52. (In Persian)
    10.
  10. Palmer, W.C., 1965. “Meteorological Drought”, U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C. Research Paper No. 45.
    11.
  11. Palmer, W.C., 1968. Keeping track of crop moisture conditions, nationwide: the new Crop MoistureIndex. Weatherwise, 21: 156-161.
    12.
  12. Shafer, B.A.,Dezman, L.E., 1982.Development of a Surface Water Supply Index (SWST) to assess the severity of drought conditions in snow pack runs off areas, In Proceedings of the (50th) Annual Western Snow Conference, 164-175.
    13.
  13. Keyantash, J., and Dracup, J.A., 2003. The Quantification of drought: An evaluation of drought indices. American Meteorological Society, 83, No. 8(Aug): pp, 1167-1180.
    14.
  14. Willeke, G., Hosking, J.R.M., Wallis, J.R., And Guttman, N.B., 1994. The national drought atlas, Institute for water resources. Report 94-NDS-4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
    15.
  15. Bhalme, H.N., and Mooley, D.A., 1980. "Large-scale drought/floods and monsoon circulation". Monthly Weather Review, 108: 1197-1211.
    16.
  16. Gibbs, W.J., and Maher, J.V., 1967. "Rainfall deciles as drought indicators". Bureau of Meteorology Bulletin No. 48, Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
    17.
  17. McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J., 1995. "Drought monitoring with multiple time scales". Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Applied Climatology, Dallas, TX, USA, 233-236.
    18.
  18. Hayes, M.J., Svoboda, M.D., Wilhite, D.A., and Vanyarkho, O.V., 1999. "Monitoring the 1996 drought using the Standardized precipitation Index". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(3): 429- 437.
    19.
  19. Tsakiris, G., Vangelis, H., 2004. Towards a drought watch system based on spatial SPI, Water Resources Management, 18: 1-12.
    20.
  20. Herweijer, C.,Seager, R., 2008. The global footprint of persistent extra-tropical droughtin the instrumental era, International Journal of Climatology, 28(13):1761-1774.
    21.
  21. Gholam, Ali, M.,Younes, K.H., Esmaeil, A., Fatemeh, T., 2011.Assessment of Geostatistical Methods for Spatial Analysis of SPIand EDI Drought Indices, World Applied Sciences Journal, 15 (4):474-482.
    22.
  22. Boroughani, M., Taie, M., Mirnia, S.K., 2013. "Analysis of Relationship between Hydrogeological and Climate Droughts of Sabzevar Plain Using SWI and SPI Indices". Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research, 20(4): 733-744. (In Persian)
    23.
  23. Hahnenberger, M., Nicoll, K., 2012. Meteorological characteristics of dust storm events in the eastern Great Basin of Utah, U.S.A., Atmospheric Environment, 60(15) 601- 612.
    24.
  24. Rezazadeh, M., Irannejad, P., Shao, Y., 2013. Climatology of the Middle East dust events, Aeolian Research, 103-109.
    25.
  25. O’Liongsigh, T., McTainsh, G.H., Tews, E.K., Strong, C.L., Leys, J.F., Shinkfield, P., Tapper, N.J., 2014. The Dust Storm Index (DSI): A method for monitoring broadscale wind erosion using meteorological records, Aeolian Research, 12(1): 29-40.
    26.
  26. Baherai, H., Ayazi, S.M.H., Rajaie, M.A., Ahmadi, H., 2011. "Synoptic Statistical Analysis of Dust Phenomena in Ilam Province".  New Attitudes in Human Geography, 4(1): 47-67. (In Persian)
    27.
  27. Khosh­kish, A., Alijani, B., Hejazi, Z., 2011. “Synoptic Analysis of Dust Systems in Lorestan Province”. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 18(21): 91-110. (In Persion)
    28.
  28. Mosavi Baygi, M., Ashraf, B., 2011. “Study of synoptic patterns leading to autumn and winter droughts in Khorasan Razavi province”. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Research, 18(4): 167-184. (In Persion)
    29.
  29. Edwards, D.C., McKee, T.B., 1997. “Characteristics of 20th century drought in the United States at multiple timescales”, Colorado State University: Fort Collins. Climatology Report No. 97-102.
    30.
  30. Ansafi Moghadam, T., 2007. “Evaluation of several climatic drought indices and determination of the most appropriate indices in the salt lake basin”. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research, 14(2): 271-288. (In Persion)
    31.
  31. Razeie, T., DaneshKar Arasteh, P., Akhgari, R., Saghafean, B., 2007. “Survey of meteorological droughts in Sistan and Baluchestan province using SPI index and Markov Chain Model”. Iranian Water Resources Research Journal, 3(1): 25-35. (In Persion)
    32.
  32. Lashkari, H., Keykhosravi, G., 2008. “Synoptic Statistical Analysis of Dust Storms in Khorasan Razavi Province (2005-2005)”. Natural Geography Research, 65(3): 17-33. (In Persion)
    33.
  33. Lee, E.H., Sohn, B.J., 2011. Recent increasing trend in dust frequency over Mongolia and Inner Mongolia regions and its association with climate and surface condition change, Atmospheric Environment, 45(27): 4611-4616.
    34.
  34. Lamb, P.J., Leslie, L.M., Timmer, R., Speer, M.S., 2009. Multidecadal variability of Eastern Australian dust and Northern New Zealand sunshine: associations with Pacific climate system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114:1-12.
    35.
  35. Leslie, L.M., Speer, M.S., 2006. Modelling dust transport over central eastern Australia, Meteorological Applications, 13(2): 141–167.
    36.
  36. Prospero, J.M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S.E., Gill, T.E., 2002. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer absorbing aerosol product, Reviews of Geophysics, 40(1): 2–31
    37.

 
 



 

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