بررسی روند تغییرات کمی سیمای سرزمین در استان کرمانشاه مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیر قره سو و مرگ (سال های 1984، 2000 و 2016)

محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمین

فاطمه مردانی یاقوتی ¹ (کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
مهرداد خانمحمدی ² (استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان.)
پیمان کرمی ³ (دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ملایر.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/31 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/07/01

کلید واژه: "حوزه آبخیز قره سو و مرگ, "استان کرمانشاه, "تکه تکه شدن, "کاربری اراضی, "تغییرات سیمای سرزمین,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: سرعت تغییر اکوسیستم ها در سال های اخیر چنان بوده که امکان سازگاری موجودات زنده با تغییرات محیطی به سختی صورت می گیرد و این عارضه ناشی از عدم توجه به تغییرات کاربری اراضی و بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی روند تغییرات کمی سیمای سرزمین در حوزه آبخیز قره سو و مرگ در استان کرمانشاه است.روش بررسی: به منظور پایش تغییرات از تصاویر ماهواره لندست در تاریخ های ETM+) 2000 ،(TM) 1984) و 2016 (OLI-TIRS) استفاده شد. طبقه‌بندی با استفاده از روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (MLP) انجام گرفت. پوشش موجود در هفت طبقه تقسیم شد. متریک‌های Patch Density) PD ،(Number of Patch) NP ،PLAND) و Edge Density) ED)در سطح کلاس،Contagion) CONTAG ،(Largest Patch Index) LPI ،NP) و Shannon's diversity index) SHDI) در سطح سیمای سرزمین برای منطقه مورد مطالعه محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین درصد پوشش منطقه در سالهای مورد مطالعه مربوط به اراضی کشاورزی و سپس مراتع متوسط است. تعداد لکههای اراضی کشاورزی در بازه زمانی 2000-1984 به علت تبدیل مراتع متوسط به اراضی کشاورزی افزایش و در بازه زمانی 2016 -2000 به دلیل تبدیل به مراتع متوسط با نرخ کمتر کاهش یافته و همچنین تعداد لکههای جنگلی در بازه زمانی اول به علت تبدیل به مراتع متوسط کاهش و در بازه زمانی دوم افزایش یافته است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بررسی متریکهای سیمای سرزمین بیانگر افزایش پیوستگی سیمای سرزمین، کاهش تکه تکه شدگی و تنوع در بازه زمانی اول است و در مقابل در بازه زمانی دوم کاهش پیوستگی، افزایش تکه تکه شدگی و تنوع دیده می شود. با توجه به اینکه، روند تغییرات سیمای سرزمین در دو بازه زمانی متفاوت است؛ به طور کلی می توان ذکر کرد که تکه‌تکه شدن و تنوع سیمای سرزمین کمتر و پیوستگی لکه های آن بیشتر شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objectives:  Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased.

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