تدوین چارچوب مدیریت یکپارچه محیط‌زیست شهری در کلان‌شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
الهه پورکریمی
1
,
صادق زیباکلام
2
,
نادر نوروزی
3
,
معصومه ابتکار
4
1 - دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت محیط‌زیست گرایش حقوق محیط‌زیست، گروه حقوق محیط‌زیست دانشکده محیط‌زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار دانشگاه حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز
4 - دانشیار بخش ایمنولوژی دانشکده علوم پزشکی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/31
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/03
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/10/01
کلید واژه:
شهر پایدار,
مدیریت یکپارچه,
چارچوب مدیریت,
محیط‌زیست شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
حفاظت از محیط‌زیست از ارکان اصلی مدیریت شهری محسوب می‌شود و اهمیت آن درکان شهرها به لحاظ پیچیدگی روابط انسان و محیط‌زیست روز به روز بیش‌تر می‌شود. ناهماهنگی‌های مدیریتی بین دستگاه‌های متولی محیط‌زیست شهری، نگرش پراکنده دستگاه‌ها، تعیین سیاست‌های متفاوت درکلان شهر تهران از جمله نارسایی‌های مدیریتی و ساختاری این کلان‌شهر است. در این تحقیق سعی شده تا تاثیر این‌گونه مشکلات شهری به حداقل رسانده شود.
روش تحقیق به شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی است. در آن نقاط ضعف، قوت، تهدیدها و فرصت‌ها (تحلیل SWOT) شناسایی شد و چشم‌انداز مدیریت محیط‌زیست شهری با درنظرگرفتن جایگاه اسناد حقوقی بالادستی در سطح ملی شامل موارد مرتبط از قانون اساسی، سند چشم‌انداز ایران 1404، سیاست‌های کلی محیط‌زیست کشور و نیز موارد مرتبط از اسناد حقوقی خاص کلان‌شهر تهران شامل راهبردهای توسعه استان تهران، طرح پایه آمایش سرزمین، منشور شهر تهران، طرح توسعه استان تهران، سند ملی استان تهران چشم‌انداز مدیریت محیط‌زیست کشور مشخص گردید. در نهایت با استفاده از تجارب جهانی برخی کلان‌شهرها، برخی اصول کلی محیط‌زیست مرتبط با مدیریت محیط‌زیست شهری، برخی از اسناد بین‌المللی و الگوهای جهانی همچون موارد مرتبط از برنامه اسکان بشر UN Habitat، برنامه شهرهای پایدار، سیاست و چارچوب قانون‌گذاری برنامه شهرهای پایدار، برنامه شهرهای سالم، دستور کار 21 و راهبردهای مربوطه کمیسیون محیط‌زیست اتحادیه اروپا و نیز الگوی حکم‌روایی مطلوب (Good Governance) در این زمینه و با درنظرگرفتن نتایج تحلیل SWOT چارچوب پیشنهادی برای مدیریت مطلوب محیط‌زیست شهری در کلان‌شهر تهران (مدیریت یکپارچه) ارایه شد.
ذیربطان مدیریت شهری در چارچوب پیشنهادی مطلوب مشخص شده‌اند و وظایف هریک از ذیربطان در سه سطح سیاست‌گذاری، تصمیم‌گیری و اجرا و سطح هدف طبقه‌بندی شده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract
Environmental protection is a key element in urban management. Due to complex relationships between human and environment in metropolises, the importance of environment is ever-increasing. Heavy environment deterioration and the indicators of the human habitat show significant drop in life satisfaction and life quality in Tehran (Tehran state of the Environment, 2015). A reason for this situation is inter-organizational inconsistencies among those who are in charge of urban environmental management. Sporadic attitudes of the organizations and different policies within the geographical neighboring areas are among managerial and structural deficiencies in the metropolis. This research is an attempted to minimize the effects of such urban difficulties and problems.
In this paper The current situation of environment in Tehran metropolis including air, water, biodiversity and human habitat along with the most crucial threats, their effect as well as the associated agencies and organizations have been investigated, using the indicators of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), UNEP (United Nation Environmental Program) and GFF (Global Environmental Fund). The current management of Tehran environment is studied based on a framework and using SWOT analysis. Then, an ideal urban environmental management framework is proposed for Tehran, with regard to the higher order legal documents of national and international levels and the global models such as: UN Habitat Program, Sustainable Cities Program, Policy and Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Cities Program, Healthy Cities Program, Agenda 21, Strategies of the Environmental European commission and a Good Governance Model, as well as the results of the SWOT analysis
In this framework, the authorities in charge of urban management and their responsibilities are determined and classified at three levels of policy-making, decision making and implementation and Target, and the relationship between them are clarified.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Research and Planning Center, (2011), Tehran State of the Environment(So.E).(In Persian)
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Sudhir,V., Muraleedharan, V.R., Srinivasan, G., (1996), Integrated soil waste management in urban, A critical operational research framework(India). socio-economic planning journal.
Rigamonti, L. Sterpi, I. Grosso, M. (2016). Integrated municipal waste management system: An indicator to assess their environmental and economic sustainability. Ecological indicators Journal, 60, 1-7.
Koundouri, P., Ker Rault, P., Pergamalis, V., Skianis, V., Souliotis, L., 2016. Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems. science of the total environment journal.
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Tumusiime Tukahirwa, J., Johannes Mo, A. Oosterveer,p. Comparing Urban Sanitation and Solid Waste Management in East African Metropolises: The role of Civil Society Organizations. International journal of Elsevier, 30, 204-211.
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Agenda 21 ،1992.
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Torkaman, M., (2011), Good Governance with Participatory Urban Management Urban Governance Study in Hamedan and Islamshahr, International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 10, 34-45.
I.R. Department of the Environment(Legal General Office), (2004), I.R. Environmental Laws and legislatives.(In Persian)
Tehran Research and Planning Center,(2010), Study for Reform and Revise Structure in Tehran Municipality. (In Persian)
Tehran Research and Planning Center, (2007), study on Tehran Env. Integrated Management.(In Persian)
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Chidammodzi, C., Muhandiki, V., (2016), An indicator framework for assessing the technology aspect of integrated lake basin management for Lake Malawi basin. Ecological Indicators Journal (60), 789-801.
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I.R. Department of the Environment, (2004-2013), Tehran State of the environment(S.o.E).(In Persian)
Research and Planning Center, (2011), Tehran State of the Environment(So.E).(In Persian)
Tehran Research and Planning Center, (1998-2007), Tehran State of the Environment(SoE).(In Persian)
Miyamoto, K. Udomsri, R. Sathyaprasad, S. Ren, F. (1996). A decision support system for integrating land use, transport and environmental planning in developing metropolises. Computers, environment and urban system journal, 21, 327-338.
Sudhir,V., Muraleedharan, V.R., Srinivasan, G., (1996), Integrated soil waste management in urban, A critical operational research framework(India). socio-economic planning journal.
Rigamonti, L. Sterpi, I. Grosso, M. (2016). Integrated municipal waste management system: An indicator to assess their environmental and economic sustainability. Ecological indicators Journal, 60, 1-7.
Koundouri, P., Ker Rault, P., Pergamalis, V., Skianis, V., Souliotis, L., 2016. Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems. science of the total environment journal.
Holm,T., Vuorisalo,T., Sammalisto, K., ( 2015), Integrated management system for enhancing education for sustainable development in universities, a memetic approach. journal of cleaner production. 155-163.
Limbitso Chidammodzi, C., Shiholo Muhandiki, V., Ecological Indicators Journal, January 2016.An indicator framework for assessing the technology aspect of integrated lake basin management for lake Malawi basin.
Safavi, H. R., Golmohammadi, M.H., Sandoval-Solis, S. Expert knowledge based modeling for integrated water resource planning and management in the Zayandehrud river basin. Journal of hydrology, September 2015.
Herva, M., Neto, B., Roca,E., (2014). Environmental assessment of the integrated municipal solid waste management system in Porto (Portugal). Journal of cleaner production.volume 70(1), 183-193.
Tumusiime Tukahirwa, J., Johannes Mo, A. Oosterveer,p. Comparing Urban Sanitation and Solid Waste Management in East African Metropolises: The role of Civil Society Organizations. International journal of Elsevier, 30, 204-211.
Zebardast, L., and colleagues, (2015), Application of DPSIR framework for integrated environmental assessment of urban areas: a case study of Tehran, International Journal of Environmental Research {IJER}, 9 (2), 445-456.
pourang, N., Noori, A.S., (2014), Heavy metals contamination in soil, surface water and groundwater of an agricultural area adjacent to Tehran oil refinery, Iran. IJER Journal.
Env. Research Group of Tehran Research and Planning Center, (2013), Study on Legal Aspects of Tehran Municipality in the field of Environment. (In Persian)
Tehran Municipalities cultural and social general office, (2013), Urban Management(Vol.1).(In Persian)
Tehran Municipalities cultural and social general office, (2013), Urban Management(Vol.2).(In Persian)
Tehran Municipalities cultural and social general office, (2013), Urban Management(Vol.3).(In Persian)
Agenda 21 ،1992.
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat). (2001). Cities in a Globalizing World Global Report on Human Settlements. (London, Earth scan)
Sustainable Cities Program, http// Sustainable Cities Program
The City we Need, Together Towards Habitat III, 2015
Healthy Cities Program, WHO, (2015).
European Env.Commission,(2007), Integrated Environmental Management Guidance in Relation to the Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment.
Corburn, J., (2009), Toward the Healthy Cities, people, places, and the politics of urban planning.
Torkaman, M., (2011), Good Governance with Participatory Urban Management Urban Governance Study in Hamedan and Islamshahr, International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 10, 34-45.
I.R. Department of the Environment(Legal General Office), (2004), I.R. Environmental Laws and legislatives.(In Persian)
Tehran Research and Planning Center,(2010), Study for Reform and Revise Structure in Tehran Municipality. (In Persian)
Tehran Research and Planning Center, (2007), study on Tehran Env. Integrated Management.(In Persian)
Tehran Municipality, Urban Laws and Legislatives. Pourkarimi, E.,and colleagues, (2007), Environmental and Legislative Study of The Surface Water Resources (Tehran Potable Water), Journal of Science and Technology.(In Persian)
Chidammodzi, C., Muhandiki, V., (2016), An indicator framework for assessing the technology aspect of integrated lake basin management for Lake Malawi basin. Ecological Indicators Journal (60), 789-801.
