ارزیابی ریسک سلامت عناصرکادمیوم، سرب وکروم در گرد و غبار داخل و خارج منازل در مناطق تحت تاثیر ریزگردها در محدوده شرق و جنوب غرب ایران (اهواز، منطقه پارس جنوبی و زابل)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا
سیدرضا اسود
1
(دانش آموخته دکتری گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس)
عباس اسماعیلی ساری
2
(استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
نادر بهرامی فر
3
(دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.)
کلید واژه: گرد و غبار, ارزیابی ریسک, اهواز, پارس جنوبی, زابل.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا یکی از مهمترین تهدید های موجود برای سلامت انسان و اکوسیستم هاست. يکي از رايج ترين آلاينده هواي بیرون و داخل منازل، گرد و غبار مي باشد که يك منبع مهم عناصر سمی به ويژه در محيط زيست شهري است. در این مطالعه غلظت عناصر منتخب (کادمیوم، کروم و سرب) و ارزیابی ریسک سلامت ناشی از آنها در گرد و غبار داخل و بیرون منازل در اهواز، منطقه پارس جنوبی و زابل اندازه گیری شد. روش بررسی: تعداد 100 نمونه گرد و غبار در فصل تابستان سال 96 از داخل و بیرون منازل مناطق مورد مطالعه جمع آوری گردید. نمونه های گرد و غبار با استفاده از روش هضم اسیدی توسط مخلوط اسید های HClO4-HF-HNO3 با نسبت های 1:2:4 هضم شدند و غلظت عناصر با استفاده از دستگاه پلاسمای جفت شده القایی- اسپکترومتر جرمی (7800ICP-MS) اندازه گیری شد. ارزیابی ریسک عناصر منتخب در گرد و غبار نیز با استفاده از دستورالعمل های EPA انجام گردید. یافته ها: نتایج ارزیابی ریسک عناصر مورد مطالعه نشان داد که بالاترین ریسک غیرسرطانی و سرطانی در گرد و غبار بیرون و داخل برای هر دو گروه بزرگسال و کودک مربوط به عنصر کروم و کمترین ریسک سرطانی مربوط به عنصر سرب در افراد بالغ و کودک و کمترین ریسک غیر سرطانی مربوط به عنصر کادمیوم در افراد بالغ و کودک بود. همچنین بررسی ریسک غیر سرطانی و سرطانی ناشی از عناصر منتخب در سه منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان داد که در شهر اهواز ریسک ناشی از این عناصر از دو منطقه دیگر یعنی پارس جنوبی و زابل بیشتر می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بطور کلی نتایج مربوط به شاخص خطر (HI) و مجموع ریسک سرطانی (TCR) برای عناصر مورد مطالعه، نشان دهنده خطرپذیری بوده و باید تحت شرایط کنترل و نظارت قرار داشته باشد.
Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, the concentration of selected elements (cadmium, chromium and lead) and their health risk assessment in indoor and outdoor dust in Ahwaz, South Pars region and Zabol were measured. Material and Methodology: 100 dust samples were collected from indoor and outdoor the homes of the studied areas during the summer of 2017. Dust samples were digested using an acid digestion method by mixing HClO4-HF-HNO3 acids with 1: 2: 4 ratios. The total concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7800). Risk assessment of selected elements in dust was performed using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Findings: The results of risk assessment of selected elements from indoor and outdoor dust of homes showed that the highest non-cancerous and cancerous risks in indoor and outdoor dust for both adult and child groups is related to chromium element. While, the lowest cancerous and non-cancerous risks for both adult and child groups is related to lead and cadmium elements, respectively. Furthermore, the study of non-cancerous and cancerous risks caused by selected elements in the studies areas showed that in Ahvaz city, the risk caused by these elements is higher than the other regions. Discussion and conclusion: In general, the results of the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) indicate for selected elements indicate risk and should be subject to control and monitoring conditions.
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