ارزیابی زیستی رودخانه صمصامی(استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) با استفاده از ساختار جمعیت ماکروبنتوزها
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی محیط زیست (آب و فاضلاب)
پرویز منصوری بیرکانی
1
(کارشناس ارشد، مهندسی منابع طبیعی شیلات، مدیریت شیلات و آبزیان، شهرکرد، ایران. *)مسوول مکاتبات).)
مهرداد فتح اللهی
2
(استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین،گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران.)
احمد قانع ساسانسرایی
3
(عضوهیئت علمی پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای داخلی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج جهاد کشاورزی، بندر انزلی)
کلید واژه: شاخصEPT, شاخص زیستی هلسینهوف, بزرگ بی مهرگان کف‌زی, شاخص شانون, سنجه های جمعیتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: روش های مختلفی جهت بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه ها وجود دارد یکی از این روش ها، استفاده از ساختار جمعیت بزرگ بی مهرگان کف زی می باشد. بر این اساس این مطالعه جهت بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه صمصامی با استفاده از بزرگ بی مهرگان کف زی صورت پذیرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه 7 ایستگاه در مسیر حدود10کیلومتری رودخانه صمصامی انتخاب و نمونه برداری از کف زیان در یک دوره یک ساله، هر 45روز یک بار انجام شد. اطلاعات به دست آمده به صورت سنجه های جمعیتی شامل غنای کل، غنایEPT، نسبت فراوانی EPT به خانواده Chironomidae، شاخص تنوع شانون ـ وینر و شاخص زیستی در سطح خانواده هلسینهوف در ایستگاه های مورد بررسی و محاسبه شد. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده شامل 11 راسته و 45 گروه (خانواده و جنس) از بزرگ بی مهرگان کف زی می باشد که لارو حشرات آبزی بیش ترین تنوع و فراوانی را داشتند. حداکثر و حداقل میانگین فراوانی کل در متر مربع در طول مدت بررسی به ترتیب در ایستگاه 2 (72/233±1694) و ( 13/79±314 ) در ایستگاه 7 بوده است. از راسته های غالب در این مطالعه، راسته های Ephemeroptera ،Trichoptera بوده اند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: ارزیابی ها نشان داد در ایستگاه های٢و6 به علت ورود پساب های روستایی و پرورش ماهی کیفیت آب رودخانه تغییر یافته و تنوع و درصد فراوانی خانواده های حساس به آلودگی کاهش و گروه های مقاوم به آلودگی افزایش یافته است. بر این اساس می توان نتیجه گیری نمود استفاده از سنجش تنوع و فراوانی بزرگ بی مهرگان کف زی به عنوان شاخص زیستی آلودگی آب ها راه مناسبی جهت بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه می باشد.
Background and Objective: There are different methods for assessing river water quality. One of these methods is to use the large population structure of bulk invertebrates. Accordingly, this study was carried out to evaluate the quality of water of the Smsami River using large invertebrates. Method: In this study, 7 stations were selected along the 10 km of Samsami River and sampling was done in a one-year period every 45 days. Data were collected as population measurements including total richness, EPT richness, EPT frequency ratio to Chironomidae family, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and biological index in Hallesinof family. Findings: The results of this study included 11 orders and 45 groups (family and sex) of the large invertebrates, the larvae of aquatic insects had the highest diversity and abundance. The maximum and minimum mean of total frequency per square meter during the study period was at station 2, (1694 ± 232.72) and (314.71 ± 13.7) At station 7 respectively. The dominant orders in this study were Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluations showed that in stations 2 and 6, due to the entry of rural wastewater and fish farming, the quality of river water has changed and the frequency and frequency of infected families have decreased and contaminated groups have increased. Based on this, it can be concluded that the use of the measurement of the diversity and abundance of large invertebrates as an indicator of the biological contamination of water is a good way to evaluate the water quality of the river.
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- Rosenberg, D. M., I. J. Davies, D. G. Cobb and A. P. Wiens. 1999. Protocols for maesuring Biodiversity: Benthic macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters. Department of fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 42 p.
- Sweeten, J, 2009. A Study of Aquatic Invertebrates as Indicators of Organic Pollution in Pony Creek nearNorth Manchester, Indiana using the Hilsenhoff Family-level Biotic Index. , 60pp.
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- McCafferty, W. P، 1981. Aquatic entomology: the fisherman’s and ecologists’ illustrated guide to insects and their relatives, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
- Paine,R.T.(1966) Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity.AM.Nat.,100,65-75
- Pandian, T.J., 1987. Sustainable clean water and aquaculture. Arch. Hydrobiol.28:333-343.
- Pinder, L.C., 1989. Biology of freshwater Chironomidae, ann. Rev. Ent. 31: 1-23.
- Owen, T.L., 1974. Handbook of common methods in limnology. Institute of environmental studies and department of biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, U.S.A.pp.120-130.
- Ahmadi, M, R & M. Naficy, 2000. Identify current water invertebrate indicator organisms, Tehran University Publications., Tehran , 240 pp.(In Persian)
- Fries،L.T & D.E. Bowles, 2002.Water quality and macro invertebrate community structure associated with a sportfish hatchery outfall. Sanmarcos،TEXAS،USA.
- Ortize، J. D & M. Puig، 2007.Point source effects on density، biomass and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in a meditaranean stream, river Research Application journal.23:155 170.
- Shannon, C.E, 1948. A mathematical theory communication، Bell System Technical Journal , 27: 379–423.
- Davies, A. 2001. The use and limits of various methods of sampling and interpretation of benthic macroinvertebrates. J. Limnol. 60(suppll.1): 1-6.
- Baker Debra، S & G. Huggins Donald ،2005.Sub-sampling Techniques for Macroinvertebrates ،Fish and Benthic Algae Sampled in Biological Monitoring of Streams and Rivers , University of Kansas.26pp.
- Jamalzad, F&A. Afraz, 1995. Report on biological and non biological Shafarood River ،Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Bandar Anzali.(In Persian)
- Jessup, B. K. 1999. Family Level Key to the Stream Benthic invertebrates of Maryland and Surrounding Areas.Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resources Assessment service, USA.
- Mellenby, H. 1963. Animal Life in Freshwater. Cox & wyman Ltd., Fakenham, Great Britain.
- Pennak, R. W. 1953. Freshwater Benthic of the United States. The Ronald press company, New York.
- Needham, J., P. Needham. 1962. A Guide to the Freshwater Biology. Fifth edition revised and enlarged, Constable & Co. LTD, London, 115p.
- Merritt R.W., Cummins K.W., Berg M.B. (eds.), 2008. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (4th Edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, U.S.A, 862 pp.
- Ministry of Energy, 1991. The first stage of the limited supply of artificial river Grmabdsht Golden Flower, hydrology studies.,68pp.
- Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1988. Rapid Field Assessment for Organic Pollution with a Family Level Biotic Index. J. North Amer. Benthol. Soc. 7(1) : 65 – 68 .
- Loch, D. D. 1996. The effects of trout farm effluents on the taxa richness of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Aquaculture 147: 37-55.
- Stephens,W.W. , J.L.,Farris .2004. Instream community assessment of aquaculture effluents. Aquaculture.231: 149–162.
- Sasan sarayi, G, 2004. Identify population structure macroinvertebrate Chafrod River in Gilan province according to the water quality factors, MSc thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. ,15 pp.
- Shomali، M & S. Abdolmaleki, 1997, Reports of biological and non biological Gorgan Rood River, Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Bandar Anzali .(In Persian)
- Gowen, R.J., Weston, D.P., Emirk, A., 1991, Aquaculture and the benthic environment, First international symposium on nutritional strategies and aquaculture waste, University of Guelf, Ontario, Canada, pp 187-205.
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- Karr, J. R. 1998. Rivers as Sentile: Using the Biology of Rivers to Guid Landscape Management. final report for USEPA, 28p.
- Rosenberg, D. M., I. J. Davies, D. G. Cobb and A. P. Wiens. 1999. Protocols for maesuring Biodiversity: Benthic macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters. Department of fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 42 p.
- Sweeten, J, 2009. A Study of Aquatic Invertebrates as Indicators of Organic Pollution in Pony Creek nearNorth Manchester, Indiana using the Hilsenhoff Family-level Biotic Index. , 60pp.
- Abdoli,A.,B. yaby، A.Mradlv Haji, A. Kamali, H.Rahmani & J. Myrdar, 1999. The study Lymnologic Gorganrud River, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
- Poff, N. L. , D. Allan, M.B. Bain، J.R. Karr, K.L. Prestegaard ، B.D. Richter, R.E. Sparks & J.C. Stromberg, 1997. The natural flow regime. A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. Bioscience Journal., 47:769-784.
- McCafferty, W. P، 1981. Aquatic entomology: the fisherman’s and ecologists’ illustrated guide to insects and their relatives, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
- Paine,R.T.(1966) Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity.AM.Nat.,100,65-75
- Pandian, T.J., 1987. Sustainable clean water and aquaculture. Arch. Hydrobiol.28:333-343.
- Pinder, L.C., 1989. Biology of freshwater Chironomidae, ann. Rev. Ent. 31: 1-23.
- Owen, T.L., 1974. Handbook of common methods in limnology. Institute of environmental studies and department of biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, U.S.A.pp.120-130.
- Ahmadi, M, R & M. Naficy, 2000. Identify current water invertebrate indicator organisms, Tehran University Publications., Tehran , 240 pp.(In Persian)
- Fries،L.T & D.E. Bowles, 2002.Water quality and macro invertebrate community structure associated with a sportfish hatchery outfall. Sanmarcos،TEXAS،USA.
- Ortize، J. D & M. Puig، 2007.Point source effects on density، biomass and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in a meditaranean stream, river Research Application journal.23:155 170.
- Shannon, C.E, 1948. A mathematical theory communication، Bell System Technical Journal , 27: 379–423.
- Davies, A. 2001. The use and limits of various methods of sampling and interpretation of benthic macroinvertebrates. J. Limnol. 60(suppll.1): 1-6.
- Baker Debra، S & G. Huggins Donald ،2005.Sub-sampling Techniques for Macroinvertebrates ،Fish and Benthic Algae Sampled in Biological Monitoring of Streams and Rivers , University of Kansas.26pp.
- Jamalzad, F&A. Afraz, 1995. Report on biological and non biological Shafarood River ،Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Bandar Anzali.(In Persian)
- Jessup, B. K. 1999. Family Level Key to the Stream Benthic invertebrates of Maryland and Surrounding Areas.Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resources Assessment service, USA.
- Mellenby, H. 1963. Animal Life in Freshwater. Cox & wyman Ltd., Fakenham, Great Britain.
- Pennak, R. W. 1953. Freshwater Benthic of the United States. The Ronald press company, New York.
- Needham, J., P. Needham. 1962. A Guide to the Freshwater Biology. Fifth edition revised and enlarged, Constable & Co. LTD, London, 115p.
- Merritt R.W., Cummins K.W., Berg M.B. (eds.), 2008. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (4th Edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, U.S.A, 862 pp.
- Ministry of Energy, 1991. The first stage of the limited supply of artificial river Grmabdsht Golden Flower, hydrology studies.,68pp.
- Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1988. Rapid Field Assessment for Organic Pollution with a Family Level Biotic Index. J. North Amer. Benthol. Soc. 7(1) : 65 – 68 .
- Loch, D. D. 1996. The effects of trout farm effluents on the taxa richness of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Aquaculture 147: 37-55.
- Stephens,W.W. , J.L.,Farris .2004. Instream community assessment of aquaculture effluents. Aquaculture.231: 149–162.
- Sasan sarayi, G, 2004. Identify population structure macroinvertebrate Chafrod River in Gilan province according to the water quality factors, MSc thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. ,15 pp.
- Shomali، M & S. Abdolmaleki, 1997, Reports of biological and non biological Gorgan Rood River, Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Bandar Anzali .(In Persian)
- Gowen, R.J., Weston, D.P., Emirk, A., 1991, Aquaculture and the benthic environment, First international symposium on nutritional strategies and aquaculture waste, University of Guelf, Ontario, Canada, pp 187-205.
