آسیب شناسی عدم پذیرش کشاورزی حفاظتی در استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدل پاردایمی
محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیستمصیب غلامی 1 , امیرحسین علی بیگی 2 , عبدالحمید پاپ زن 3
1 - دانش آموختهی دکتری ترویج کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
2 - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
3 - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
کلید واژه: پذیرش, استان کرمانشاه, کشاورزی, مدل پاردایمی, کشاورزی حفاظتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مشکلات پیش روی حوزه کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه از قبیل؛ انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای، فرسایش خاک، مصرف بیش از حد سموم و کودهای شیمیایی موجب گردیده که در این استان چاره ای جز روی آوردن به کشاورزی حفاظتی وجود نداشته باشد. علیرغم فعالیت ها و برنامه های ترویجی جهت ترویج کشاورزی حفاظتی، این امر با استقبال چندانی از سوی کشاورزان مواجه نگردیده است و انگشت شماری از کشاورزان یافت می شوند که کشاورزی حفاظتی را به کار می گیرند. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر به آسیب شناسی عدم پذیرش کشاورزی حفاظتی در استان کرمانشاه پرداخته است. روش بررسی: جامعه تحقیق در این پژوهش، کارشناسان دفتر کشاورزی حفاظتی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه و متخصصان حاضر در زمینه کشاورزی حفاظتی می باشند. شناسایی نمونه ها به صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از نمونه گیری با حداکثر تنوع بود. ابزار گردآوری داده ها مصاحبه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا و مدل پاردایمیک گرندد تئوری انجام گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که عوامل بی شماری وجود دارند که مانع از پذیرش کشاورزی حفاظتی توسط کشاورزان شده است که از آن جمله می توان به عواملی از قبیل عدم حمایت های دولتی، مشکلات اقتصادی و فرهنگی، عدم دسترسی به تجهیزات و ..... نام برد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش مبنی بر وجود موانع حمایتی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی و ... و عدم توانایی کافی کشاورزان در برخورد و رویارویی با این معضلات و مشکلات، به برنامه ریزان و سیاستگزاران امر ترویج و توسعه کشاورزی حفاظتی توصیه می گردد که با رفع موانع موجود و برگزاری دوره های آموزشی مناسب و بازدیدهای میدانی نسبت به ترویج کشاورزی حفاظتی اقدام نمایند.
Background and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to conservation agriculture. Despite promotional activities and programs to promote conservation agriculture, this has not been well received by farmers, and there are only a handful of farmers who use conservation agriculture. Therefore, the present study deals with the pathology of non-acceptance of conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province. Method: The research community in this research is the experts in the Agricultural conservation Office in Jihad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah Province. Identification of the samples was done purposefully and using sampling with maximum diversity. The data gathering tool was interviewed and data analysis was content analysis and paradigm model of grounded theory. Findings: The results showed that there are countless factors that prevented farmers from accepting agricultural conservation, including factors such as lack of government support, economic and cultural problems, lack of access to equipment, etc. Discussion: Considering to findings research on the existence of supportive, economic and cultural barriers and the inability of farmers to deal with these dilemmas and problems., Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policymakers extension and develop agricultural conservation by removing barriers and holding suitable training courses and field visits to extension of agricultural conservation.
- Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R., Kassam, A. (2012), "Overview of the global spread of conservation agriculture". Field Actions Science Reports. The journal of field actions. (Special Issue 6).
- Hobbs, P. R., Sayere, K., & Gupta, R. (2008). The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Royal Society. 363, 543-55.
- FAO. (2001). Conservation agriculture – Case studies in Latin America and Africa. FAO Soil Bulletin 78, FAO, Rome.
- Noorivandi, A. N., Ajili, A., Chizari, M., Bijani, M. (2009). The socio-economic characteristics of wheat farmers regarding adoption of sustainable soil management (SSM). J Hum Ecol, 27(3), 201-205.
- Fami Shaban Ali, H.; Ghasemi, J.; Mohammadzadeh Nasrabadi, M. (2008). Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Overview of Template Approaches). Publication of the Institute for Cultural Excellence, First Edition, 2008. (In Persian)
- Rajoli Dezfuli, M. (2014). The Impact of Agricultural conservation on the Cost of Agricultural Products. Journal of Livestock, Cultivation and Industry, 2014No. 68. (In Persian)
- Abedi, S.; Yazdani, S.; Saleh, A.; Salami, H.; Jahansouz, M. (2013). The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Consumption of Agricultural conservation in Fars Province. IJAEDR 2013, 45, 247-255. (In Persian)
- Jihad Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah province, 2015
- Haghjou, M., Hayati, B., & Momeni Choleki, D. (2014). Identification of Factors Affecting Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices by Some Rainfed Farmers in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16(5), 957-967.
- Mutual, j., muriuki, j., gachie, p., bourne, m., capis. J. (2014), "Conservation Agriculture with Trees: Principles and Practice". A simplified guide for Extension Staff and Farmers. © World Agroforestry Centre, (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya, 2014.
- Junge, B., Deji, O., Abaidoo, R., Chikoye, D., & Stahr, K. (2009). Farmers' adoption of soil conservation technologies: A case study from Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 15(3), 257-274.
- Birhanu Demeke, A. (2003). Factors influencing the adoption of introduced soil conservation practices in Northwestern Ethiopia, Institute of Rural Development. Waldweg: University of Goettingen.
- Ghorbani, M., Kohansal, M. R (2010). Influencing Factors Affecting the Participation of Wheat Farm Workers in the Green Subsidy Scheme for Accepting and Applying Soil Conservation Activities (Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province), Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 59-71. (In Persian)
- Momeni Chalki, D., Hayati, B., Dashti, A., Rezaei, A. (2011). Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Soil Mechanic Operations in Dryland Areas of Izeh City, Journal of Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research, Vol. 2- 42, No. 4, Pages 513- 524. (In Persian)
- Erfanifar, S., Zeebaee, M., Kasraei, M. (2014). Investigation of Socioeconomic and Socioeconomic Factors Affecting the Acquisition of New Technologies for Protective Tilling in the Darab Region (Application of the Multiple Logit Model). Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 197-203. (In Persian)
- Karimi, S., Chizari, M. (2003). Investigating Factors Affecting of Soil Conservation Technologies by Farmers of markazi province. Monthly Journal of Jihad No. 256, Tehran. (In Persian).
- Bolliger, A.; Magid, J.; Amado, T.J.C.; Skora Neto, F.; Ribeiro, M.F.S.; Calegari, A.; Ralisch, R.; De Neergard, A. (2006). Taking stock of the Brazilian “Zero-Till Revolution”: a review of land-mark research and farmers’ practice. Adv. Agron. 2006, 91, 47-110.
- Borsy, P.; Gadea, R.; Vera Sosa, E. (2013). Forest Management and Conservation Agriculture: Experiences of smallholder farmers in the eastern region of Paraguay. Integr. Crop. Manag. 2013, 18, 192.
- Derpsch, R. (2005). The extent of conservation agriculture adoption worldwide: implications and impact. In Proc. Third World Cong. on Conservation Agriculture: linking production, livelihoods and conservation, Nairobi, Kenya, 3–7 October 2005. [CD].
- Erenstein, O., Sayre, K., Wall, P., Hellin, J., Dixon, J. (2012). Conservation agriculture in maize-and wheat-based systems in the (sub) tropics: lessons from adaptation initiatives in South Asia, Mexico, and Southern Africa. Journal of sustainable agriculture, 36(2), 180-206.
- Wall, P. C. (2007). Tailoring conservation agriculture to the needs of small farmers in developing countries: an analysis of issues. Journal of crop improvement, 19(1-2), 137-155.
- Kassam, A. H., Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R. (2010). Conservation agriculture in the 21st century: a paradigm of sustainable agriculture. In European Congress on Conservation Agriculture (Vol. 10, pp. 4-6).
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- Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R., Kassam, A. (2012), "Overview of the global spread of conservation agriculture". Field Actions Science Reports. The journal of field actions. (Special Issue 6).
- Hobbs, P. R., Sayere, K., & Gupta, R. (2008). The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Royal Society. 363, 543-55.
- FAO. (2001). Conservation agriculture – Case studies in Latin America and Africa. FAO Soil Bulletin 78, FAO, Rome.
- Noorivandi, A. N., Ajili, A., Chizari, M., Bijani, M. (2009). The socio-economic characteristics of wheat farmers regarding adoption of sustainable soil management (SSM). J Hum Ecol, 27(3), 201-205.
- Fami Shaban Ali, H.; Ghasemi, J.; Mohammadzadeh Nasrabadi, M. (2008). Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Overview of Template Approaches). Publication of the Institute for Cultural Excellence, First Edition, 2008. (In Persian)
- Rajoli Dezfuli, M. (2014). The Impact of Agricultural conservation on the Cost of Agricultural Products. Journal of Livestock, Cultivation and Industry, 2014No. 68. (In Persian)
- Abedi, S.; Yazdani, S.; Saleh, A.; Salami, H.; Jahansouz, M. (2013). The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Consumption of Agricultural conservation in Fars Province. IJAEDR 2013, 45, 247-255. (In Persian)
- Jihad Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah province, 2015
- Haghjou, M., Hayati, B., & Momeni Choleki, D. (2014). Identification of Factors Affecting Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices by Some Rainfed Farmers in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16(5), 957-967.
- Mutual, j., muriuki, j., gachie, p., bourne, m., capis. J. (2014), "Conservation Agriculture with Trees: Principles and Practice". A simplified guide for Extension Staff and Farmers. © World Agroforestry Centre, (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya, 2014.
- Junge, B., Deji, O., Abaidoo, R., Chikoye, D., & Stahr, K. (2009). Farmers' adoption of soil conservation technologies: A case study from Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 15(3), 257-274.
- Birhanu Demeke, A. (2003). Factors influencing the adoption of introduced soil conservation practices in Northwestern Ethiopia, Institute of Rural Development. Waldweg: University of Goettingen.
- Ghorbani, M., Kohansal, M. R (2010). Influencing Factors Affecting the Participation of Wheat Farm Workers in the Green Subsidy Scheme for Accepting and Applying Soil Conservation Activities (Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province), Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 59-71. (In Persian)
- Momeni Chalki, D., Hayati, B., Dashti, A., Rezaei, A. (2011). Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Soil Mechanic Operations in Dryland Areas of Izeh City, Journal of Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research, Vol. 2- 42, No. 4, Pages 513- 524. (In Persian)
- Erfanifar, S., Zeebaee, M., Kasraei, M. (2014). Investigation of Socioeconomic and Socioeconomic Factors Affecting the Acquisition of New Technologies for Protective Tilling in the Darab Region (Application of the Multiple Logit Model). Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 197-203. (In Persian)
- Karimi, S., Chizari, M. (2003). Investigating Factors Affecting of Soil Conservation Technologies by Farmers of markazi province. Monthly Journal of Jihad No. 256, Tehran. (In Persian).
- Bolliger, A.; Magid, J.; Amado, T.J.C.; Skora Neto, F.; Ribeiro, M.F.S.; Calegari, A.; Ralisch, R.; De Neergard, A. (2006). Taking stock of the Brazilian “Zero-Till Revolution”: a review of land-mark research and farmers’ practice. Adv. Agron. 2006, 91, 47-110.
- Borsy, P.; Gadea, R.; Vera Sosa, E. (2013). Forest Management and Conservation Agriculture: Experiences of smallholder farmers in the eastern region of Paraguay. Integr. Crop. Manag. 2013, 18, 192.
- Derpsch, R. (2005). The extent of conservation agriculture adoption worldwide: implications and impact. In Proc. Third World Cong. on Conservation Agriculture: linking production, livelihoods and conservation, Nairobi, Kenya, 3–7 October 2005. [CD].
- Erenstein, O., Sayre, K., Wall, P., Hellin, J., Dixon, J. (2012). Conservation agriculture in maize-and wheat-based systems in the (sub) tropics: lessons from adaptation initiatives in South Asia, Mexico, and Southern Africa. Journal of sustainable agriculture, 36(2), 180-206.
- Wall, P. C. (2007). Tailoring conservation agriculture to the needs of small farmers in developing countries: an analysis of issues. Journal of crop improvement, 19(1-2), 137-155.
- Kassam, A. H., Friedrich, T., Derpsch, R. (2010). Conservation agriculture in the 21st century: a paradigm of sustainable agriculture. In European Congress on Conservation Agriculture (Vol. 10, pp. 4-6).