تحلیل کاربری سرزمین در شهرستان بهبهان با رویکرد اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین
محورهای موضوعی :
آمایش سرزمین
میرمهرداد میرسنجری
1
(استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست ،دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
فاطمه محمدیاری
2
(دکتری آمایش محیط زیست گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/01/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/11
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01
کلید واژه:
بهبهان,
تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی,
سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین,
پوشش سرزمین,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تغییرات پوشش سرزمین در نتیجه فعل و انفعالات پیچیده‌ی فاکتورهای ساختاری و عملکردی آثار گسترده‌ای بر سیمای سرزمین دارد لذا مطالعه ساختار سیمای سرزمین بر اساس اصول اکولوژی و سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین به عنوان اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن ابزاری مناسب برای نقشه‌سازی و کمی کردن خصوصیات مکانی هر کاربری محسوب می‌شوند. زمینه و هدف: تغییرات پوشش سرزمین در نتیجه فعل و انفعالات پیچیده ی فاکتورهای ساختاری و عملکردی آثار گسترده ای بر سیمای سرزمین دارد لذا مطالعه ساختار سیمای سرزمین بر اساس اصول اکولوژی و سنجه های سیمای سرزمین به عنوان اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن ابزاری مناسب برای نقشه سازی و کمی کردن خصوصیات مکانی هر کاربری محسوب می شوند.روش بررسی: در مطالعه حاضر پس از تهیه نقشه های پوشش سرزمین و استخراج سنجه ها در دو سطح کلاس و سیما، از تحلیل مولفه های اصلی (PCA) جهت انتخاب سنجه های مناسب در تحلیل تغییرات سیمای سرزمین شهرستان بهبهان در بین سال های 1378 و 1392 استفاده شد.یافته ها: سنجنده های مساحت کلاس (CA)، تعداد لکه (Np)، شکل سیمای سرزمین (LSI)، تراکم حاشیه (ED)، درصد پوششی سیمای سرزمین (PLAND) و سنجه شاخص تنوع شانون (SHDI) به عنوان مناسب ترین سنجه ها انتخاب گردید. نتایج حاکی از افزایش مساحت در کاربری های مسکونی (1551 هکتار)، اراضی کشاورزی (8036 هکتار) و مناطق آبی (287 هکتار) و افت شدید در مراتع (4560 هکتار) و جنگل های شهرستان (2081 هکتار) است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: در اثر دخل و تصرف انسان ساختار سیمای سرزمین شهرستان ریز دانه شده و تعداد تکه های انسان ساخت و نیمه طبیعی افزایش یافته است. همچنین بیشتر تغییرات ناشی از هضم لکه های مرتع در میان پوشش های انسان ساخت به ویژه یکپارچه سازی اراضی کشاورزی بوده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Land cover changes as a result of complicated interactions of structural and functional factors have extensive effects on the landscape. Therefore, studying the structure of the landscape based on the principles of ecology and landscape metrics as its components, is a suitable tool for mapping and quantifying the spatial characteristics of each user.Material and Methodology: In the preset study, following the preparation of land cover maps and extraction of measures at two levels of class and scale, the main components analysis (PCA) was used to select the appropriate measures in the analysis of landscape changes in Behbahan city between years 2002 and 2014.Findings: Class Area (CA), the number of patches (Np), the landscape image (LSI), edge density (ED), percentage landscape (PLAND) and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) were selected as the most appropriate measures. The results showed an increase in the area of residential areas (1551 ha), agricultural lands (8036 ha) and irrigated areas (287 ha) and sharp drop in pastures (4560 ha) and city forests (2081 ha).Discussion and Conclusion: By human manipulation, Landscape structure is fine-grained city. and the number of pieces of man-made and natural half increased. Also, most of the changes were made due to the destruction of the grassland spots among man made crops, especially agricultural land consolidation.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Wu J, Jenerette J. D, Buyantuyev A, Redman C.L, 2011, Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regionsin the United States. Ecological Complexity 8: 1–8.
Dezhkam SS, Amiri BJ, 2015, Monitoring the landscape changes using synoptic analysis and satellite images (case study: Rasht township). Journal of Natural Environment. 68(2). (In Persian)
Farbod A, Oladi B, Abasi N, 2013, Questionnaire data analysis with the help of SPSS22 software, Abed Publications. (In Persian)
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Lausch A, Herzog F, 2002, Applicability of landscape metrics for the monitoring of landscape change: issues of scale, resolution and interpretability. Ecological indicators 2(1): 3-15.
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Estavillo C, Pardini R, Rocha, P. L, 2013, Forest loss and the biodiversity threshold: An evaluation considering species habitat requirements and the use of matrix habitats. PLoS One, 8, e82369.
Alberti M, Marzluff J, 2004, Resilience in urban ecosystems: Linking urban patterns to human and ecological functions, Urban Ecosystems, 7: 241–265.
Sun B, Zhou Q, 2016, Expressing the spatio-temporal pattern of farmland change in arid lands using landscape metrics. Journal of Arid Environments, 124: 118-127.
Fan Q, Ding S, 2016, Landscape pattern changes at a county scale: A case study in Fengqiu, Henan Province, China from 1990 to 2013, Catena Journal, 137: 152-160.
Apan A, Raine Steven R, Paterson M, 2002, Mapping and Analysis of Changes in the Riparian Landscape Structure of the Lockyer Valley catchment, Queensland, Australia, Journal of Landscape &Urban Planning, 59(1):43-57.
Paudel S, Yuan F, 2012, Assessing landscape changes and dynamics using patch analysis and GIS modeling, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformatic, 16:66-76.
Nohegar A, Jabariyan B, Afrakhte R, 2015, Land use analysis on Guilan central district using landscape ecology approach. Journal of Geography and Urban Planning, 15: 194-197. (In Persian)
Matsushita B Xu, M, Fukushima T, 2006, Characterizing Changes in Landscape Structure in the Lake Kasumigaura Basin, Japan Using a High- Quality GIS Dataset, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(3): 241-250.
Makhzoumi J, 2000, Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture application in Malta, Landscape and urban planning, 5: 176–177.
Herold M, Scepan J, Clarke K. C, 2002, The use of remote sensing and landscape metrics to describe structures and changes in urban land uses. Environment and Planning 34(8): 1443-1458.
Narumalani S, Mishra D. R, Rothwell R.G, 2004, Change detection and landscape metrics for inferring anthropogenic processes in the greater EFMO area. Remote Sensing of Environment 91(3–4): 478-489.
Mirzayi M, Riyahi Bakhtiyari A, Salman Mahini A, Gholamalifard M, 2013, Investigating the land cover changes in Mazandaran province using landscape ecology’s metrics between 1984-2010. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. 2(4):37-55. (In Persian)
Liu T, Yang X, 2015, Monitoring land changes in an urban area using satellite imagery, GIS and landscape metrics. Applied Geography, 56: 42-54.
Lausch A, Blaschke T, Haase D, Herzog F, Syrbe R.U, Tischendorf L Walz U, 2014, Understanding and quantifying landscape structure e a review on relevant process characteristics, data models and landscape metrics. Ecol. Model. 295: 31-41.
Uuemaa E, Antrop M, Roosaare J, Marja R, Mander Ü, 2009, Landscape metrics and indices: an overview of their use in landscape research. Living Rev. Landsc. Res. 3: 1-28.
Uuemaa E, Mander Ü, Marja R, 2013, Trends in the use of landscape spatial metrics as landscape indicators: a review. Ecol. Indic. 28: 100-106.
Shrestha M, York A, Boone C, Zhang S, 2012, Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers, Applied Geography 32: 522-531.
Saeed Sabaee M, Salman Mahini R, Shahr Aeeni M, Mirkarimi H, Dabiry N, 2015, Using Landscape Measurements in Land Use Allocation, Journal of Land Management. 8(1); 155-175. (In Persian)
Arekhi S, 2015, Application of landscape metrics in assessing land use changes' trend by using remote sensing and GIS case study: Dehloran desert area. Geography and Development Iranian Journal. 13(40):59-68. (In Persian)
Mohammadpour M, Abdi N, Almodaresi A, 2014, Detection of Land Use Changes Using Satellite Image Processing and Landscape Measurements: A Case Study of Urmia. The First National Conference on the Application of Advanced Spatial Analysis Models (Remote Sensing and GIS) in Land Management, Yazd: Islamic Azad University. (In Persian)
Kiyani V, Feghhi J, 2015, Investigation of cover/land use structure of sefidrod watershed by landscape ecology metrics. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 22;17(2):131-41. (In Persian)
Tange N, 2010, Analysis on land cover change in western Sydney: 1989-2008, A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Master of Philosophy Degree.
Thapa R. B, Murayama Y, 2011, Scenario Based Urban Growth Allocation in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Landscape and Urban Planning, 1-2: 140-148.
McGarigal K Cushman S.A Ene E, 2012, FRAGSTATS V4: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical and Continuous Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http:// www.umass.edu/landeco/index.html (accessed 24.06.16.).
Zhang L, Wu J, Zhen Y, Shu J, 2004, A GIS-based gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern of Shanghai metropolitan area, China. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning ,69: 1–16.
Weng Y. c, 2007, Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization, Landscape and Urban Planning (81) 341–353.
Rafiee R, Mahiny A. S, Khorasani N, Darvishsefat A, Danekar A, 2009, Simulating urban growth in Mashad City, Iran through the SLEUTH model (UGM). Cities,26(1), 19–26.
Wu J, Jenerette J. D, Buyantuyev A, Redman C.L, 2011, Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regionsin the United States. Ecological Complexity 8: 1–8.
Dezhkam SS, Amiri BJ, 2015, Monitoring the landscape changes using synoptic analysis and satellite images (case study: Rasht township). Journal of Natural Environment. 68(2). (In Persian)
Farbod A, Oladi B, Abasi N, 2013, Questionnaire data analysis with the help of SPSS22 software, Abed Publications. (In Persian)
Bahrami H, Vegharfard H, Mlkian A, Gholami H, Tahmasbi P, 2015, Factor analysis method in prioritizing land degradation metrics in Karun watershed, The Journal of Spatial Planning. 20 (2): 87-111. (In Persian)
Lausch A, Herzog F, 2002, Applicability of landscape metrics for the monitoring of landscape change: issues of scale, resolution and interpretability. Ecological indicators 2(1): 3-15.
Deng J, Wang S, Hong Y, Qi J. G, 2009, Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landscape and Urban Planning 92(3–4): 187-198.
Karami A, Feghhi J, 2011, Quantitative Study of Landscape Measurements in Conservation of Sustainable Land Use Pattern (Case Study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces), journal of Environment Studies, 37 (60): 79-88. (In Persian)
