بررسی و بهینه سازی پارامترهای فرآیند تولید سوخت زیستی بیودیزل از روغن پسماند خوراکی به روش سطح پاسخ
محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر
احمد عباس زاده مایوان
1
(استادیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
عباس رضایی اصل
2
(دانشیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.)
احمد تقی زاده علی سرایی
3
(دانشیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: بیودیزل, روغن پسماند خوراکی, روش سطح پاسخ, بهینه سازی, ویژگی¬های سوخت.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه با توجه به نگرانیهای زیست محیطی و بحرانهای انرژی، استفاده از سوختهای زیستی نظیر بیودیزل از جایگاه ویژهای برخوردار است. از اینرو، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی، مدلسازی و یافتن شرایط بهینه فرآیند تولید بیودیزل از روغن پسماند خوراکی است.
روش بررسی: به منظور بررسی، مدلسازی و بهینه سازی پارامترهای موثر بر فرآیند تولید بیودیزل از روغن پسماند خوراکی از روش سطح پاسخ و طرح آزمایشی باکس-بنکن استفاده شد. پارامترهای مستقل انتخابی شامل نسبت متانول به روغن (m/m 1:3 – 1:9)، غلظت کاتالیزور (w/w٪ 1-2) و دمای واکنش ( 45-55) در نظر گرفته شد. با توجه به طرح آزمایشی تمامی 17 آزمایش، پس از اعمال شرایط یکسان (همزنی rpm 600 و زمان واکنش min 75) انجام و بازده تولید به عنوان پاسخ در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج مدلسازی، مدل رگرسیونی درجه دوم با ضريب تبيين، خطاي استاندارد و ضريب تغييرات به ترتيب برابر 40/97 %، 827/0 و 882/0 % حاصل شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر تکی تمامی پارامترهای انتخابی و اثر متقابل غلظت کاتالیزور و دمای واکنش بر میزان بازده بیودیزل معنیدار بوده است. نتایج فرآیند بهینه سازی نشان داد که شرایط بهینه متغیرهای مستقل شامل نسبت متانول به روغن، غلظت کاتالیزور و دمای واکنش به ترتیب به صورت 23/6 : 1، w/w% 63/1 و 24/54 منجر به بیشترین بازده تولید بیودیزل (62/98%) خواهد شد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به تعادلی بودن واکنش ترانساستریفیکاسیون و تبخیر متانول از محیط واکنش، روند بازده بیودیزل تولیدی ابتدا افزایشی و در ادامه بهصورت کاهشی مشاهده شد. لذا یافتن شرایط بهینه واکنش تاثیر بهسزایی در رسیدن به بازده بیشتر خواهد داشت. همچنین تفاوت قابل توجهی بین ویژگیهای بیودیزل تولید شده از روغنهای پسماند و تازه مشاهده نگردید و تنها فرآیندهای پیش فرآوری، جداسازی گلیسرین و خالصسازی با چالشهای فنی و اقتصادی بیشتری همراه میشود.
Background and Objective: Nowadays, due to environmental concerns and energy crises, the use of biofuel resources such as biodiesel has become very important. Therefore, the main goal of the current study is to investigate, model and, find the optimal conditions for the biodiesel production process from waste cooking oils using the response surface method.
Material and Methodology: RSM based on Box-Behnken was applied to investigate, model and, optimize the influence of reaction parameters, such as methanol to oil ratio (3:1–9:1 m/m), catalyst concentration (1–2 w/w%), and reaction temperature (45–55 ), on biodiesel yield from waste cooking oil (WCO). According to the DOE, all 17 runs were performed after applying the same reaction conditions (mixing 600 rpm and reaction time 75 min) and the biodiesel yield was considered as a response.
Findings: Based on the modeling results, the coefficient of determination, standard error and, coefficient of variation (C.V) of the regression model was 97.40%, 0.827 and 0.882%, respectively. The ANOVA results showed that all selected parameters of oil-methanol ratio, catalyst concentration and, reaction temperature had a significant effect on biodiesel yield. The results of the optimization process showed that the optimal conditions of independent variables including oil-methanol ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature of 1: 6.23 (m/m), 1.63% (w/w) and, 54.24 ℃, respectively, led to the highest biodiesel yield (98.62%).
Discussion and conclusion: Considering the equilibrium nature of the transesterification reaction and methanol evaporation from the reactor, the biodiesel yields first increased and then decreased. Therefore, finding the optimal reaction conditions will have a significant impact on achieving a higher yield. Also, no significant difference was observed between the characteristics of biodiesel produced from WCO and fresh oils, and only the pre-processing processes of WCO and glycerin separation and purification will be associated with more technical and economic challenges.
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