ارزیابی مسکن معاصر اقلیم گرم و خشک با تاکید بر پاسخگویی اقلیمی و رضایتمندی سکونتی (مطالعه موردی: شهراصفهان)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
گلبرگ صادقیان
1
,
منصوره طاهباز
2
,
پانته آ حکیمیان
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد معماری و انرژی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار گروه ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/08
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/07/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01
کلید واژه:
شبیه سازی ساختمان,
معماری مسکن,
طراحی پاسخگو اقلیمی,
منابع انرژی طبیعی,
رضایتمندی سکونتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نیاز به مسکن مناسب نه تنها برای افراد بلکه برای دولتها نیز یک دغدغه است. اگر طراحی موثر در قبال تغییرات اقلیمی اتفاق نیفتد، پیامدهایی بحرانزا و بروز مشکلات زیست محیطی و در نتیجه تنزل کیفیت زندگی انسان، درجوامع گوناگون در پی خواهد داشت. در این راستا هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی وضعیت موجود و ارزیابی اصول اقلیمی به کار رفته در طراحی مسکن معاصر و همچنین سنجش شرایط زیستی، آسایشی و کیفیت زندگی در آپارتمانها میباشد.روش بررسی: رویکرد روش شناسی این پژوهش کمی و راهبرد آن مطالعه موردی، تحقیق میدانی و انجام شبیه سازی با استفاده از نرم افزارهای Design Builder و Climate Studio است. همچنین از روش توصیفی پیمایشی و تحلیل آماری با نرم افزارSPSS(26) با استفاده از پرسشنامه برای بررسی رضایتمندی سکونتی استفاده شده است. از این رو مجتمع مسکونی زیتون در شهر اصفهان به عنوان نمونه موردی برای ارزیابی مسکن پس از اشغال ساکنان (Post-Occupancy Evaluation) در سال 1400 انتخاب گردید. یافته ها: در بررسی وضعیت موجود مشاهده شد میزان پاسخگویی مجتمع مذکور به اقلیم منطقه به سبب کلگرایی و بیتوجهی به طراحی تفضیلی واحدهای مسکونی چندان مطلوب نبوده، طبق دادههای پرسشنامه آسایش حرارتی و بصری و تهویه طبیعی، در واحدها کمتر از سطح متوسط بوده است، همچنین نتایج شبیه سازی نشان داد که تمهیدات اقلیمی در سطح کلان، چندان تاثیری در بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی و شرایط آسایش فضاهای داخلی واحدها نداشته است، بدین ترتیب رده F برای برچسب انرژی این مجتمع تعیین گردید.بحث و نتیجه گیری: تفاوت در کیفیت طراحی واحدهای یک مجتمع مسکونی و نگرش کلی به بنا و عدم دقت به طراحی جزئیات تک واحدها امری نادرست بوده و میتواند از نظر رضایتمندی سکونتی مشکلساز شود، بنابراین رعایت کلیه اصول طراحی اقلیمی در مقیاس خرد، به کارگیری راهکارهای بهینه سازی ارائه شده ضمن توزیع عادلانه انرژیهای طبیعی در بین واحدهای مسکونی امری ضروری است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: The need for suitable housing is an issue not just for individuals but also for governments. If efficient design is not adopted in the face of climate change, serious consequences will follow, including an increase in environmental issues and, as a result, a deterioration in the quality of human life in various societies. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the existing situation and evaluate the climatic principles employed in the design of contemporary housing, as well as measure living conditions, occupants' comfort, and quality of life in apartments.Material and Methodology: This study's methodology is quantitative, and its strategy is case study, field research, and simulation using Design Builder and Climate Studio software. In addition, the descriptive survey method and statistical analysis with SPSS software using a questionnaire were employed to evaluate residential satisfaction. Therefore, Zaitoun Residential Complex in Isfahan was selected as a case study for post-occupancy evaluation. Findings: According to the questionnaire results, the complex's response to the climate was not very desirable due to disregard for the detailed design of dwelling apartments in the existing situation. The simulation results also revealed that the macro-scale climatic strategies used to optimize energy consumption and the thermal and visual comfort of interior spaces were inadequate. As a result, the energy label for this complex was given an F.Discussion and Conclusion: In terms of residential satisfaction, differences in the design quality of each individual apartment and inaccuracy in designing the details can be problematic, so all climatic principles of microscale design must be considered, as well as the equitable distribution of natural energy sources among each flat. Evaluation of built housing projects not only helps us to understand the performance of present buildings but also creates a knowledge base for the design of future buildings.
منابع و مأخذ:
International Energy Agency, Philippine de T'Serclaes, (2007) Financing Energy Efficient Homes: Existing Policy Responses to Financial Barriers, OECD/IEA. Available at: https://euea-energyagency.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/FinancialBarrierBuilding.pdf
Shafiee Ardestani, L. Mofidi Shemirani, M. (2010). Geographical Factors and Establishment of Passive Cooling in Residential Complexes, Journal of Geographic Information No. 71. COI: JR_SEPEHR-18-71_007. (In Persian)
Ghobadian, Vahid, (2013). Climatic study of traditional buildings in Iran, Tehran, University of Tehran, ISBN: 978-964-03-3873-5. (In Persian)
Watson, Donald; Labs, Kenneth, (2005). Climatic design (energy-efficient building principles and practices), translated by Vahid Ghobadian and Mohammad Feiz Mahdavi, University of Tehran Press, ISBN: 978-964-03-3311-2. (In Persian)
Mobari, Hossein, Naghi Sadat, Farnaz, (2017). Investigating urban design patterns in energy efficiency policies, International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning in Contemporary Iran, Tehran. COI: CICEAUD01_1372. (In Persian)
Keeler, M., Vaidya, Prasad, (2016). Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.A, ISBN: 978-1-118-88191-0.
Naghizadeh, Mohammad, (2000). Qualitative characteristics of desirable housing (Design basics and methods to obtain it), Sofeh Journal, 10 (31), 23-13. (In Persian)
Zandieh, Mehdi, Parvardinejad, Samira, (2010). Sustainable Development and its Concept in Housing Architecture of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 29 (130), 2-21. Available at: https://jhre.ir/article-1-36-fa.html. (In Persian)
Tahbaz, Mansoureh, (2017). Climatic knowledge: Architectural design, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Press, ISBN: 978-964-457-253-1. (In Persian)
Avazali pour Haghighatparast; Shokoufeh, Taghizadeh, Yazdan, Zabihi, Hossein, (2019). Designing A Vernacular Pattern in Hot and Arid Climate to Reduce Energy Consumption in Housing Sector (Case Study: Yazd), Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 236-227. DOI: 10.22034/JEST.2019.14554. (In Persian)
Pesaran, Arash, Kariminia, Shahab, Nazemi, Elham, Toghiani, Shirin, (2020). Recognizing Module's Role in Traditional Houses Design in term of passive Cooling (Case Study: Traditional Houses of ghajar in Shiraz), journal of architectural thought. DOI: 10.30479/AT.2019.11383.1299. (In Persian)
Yathreb, S. (2016). Analysis of a Residential Building Energy Consumption as “Base Model” in Tripoli, Lebanon, International Journal of Energy Production and Management 1(4):359-370. DOI: 10.2495/EQ-V1-N4-359-370
Basu, Chaitali, Paul, Virendra Kumar, Syal, Matt, Dandia, Gazal, (2020). Post Occupancy Evaluation to Assess Multifamily Residential Building Energy Performance in India. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 13, No. 03, pp. 25-44, Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4064125
Meir, Isaac, Garb, Yaakov, Cicelsky, Alex, (2009). Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Inevitable Step toward Sustainability, Advances in Building Energy Research 3(1):189-219. DOI: 10.3763/aber.2009.0307
https://earth.google.com
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, (2020). Iran's National Building Regulations, Topic 19: Energy saving, ISBN: 964-7588-757. (In Persian)
ASHRAE, (2019). Standard 62.2: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings, ISSN: 1041-2336.
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International Energy Agency, Philippine de T'Serclaes, (2007) Financing Energy Efficient Homes: Existing Policy Responses to Financial Barriers, OECD/IEA. Available at: https://euea-energyagency.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/FinancialBarrierBuilding.pdf
Shafiee Ardestani, L. Mofidi Shemirani, M. (2010). Geographical Factors and Establishment of Passive Cooling in Residential Complexes, Journal of Geographic Information No. 71. COI: JR_SEPEHR-18-71_007. (In Persian)
Ghobadian, Vahid, (2013). Climatic study of traditional buildings in Iran, Tehran, University of Tehran, ISBN: 978-964-03-3873-5. (In Persian)
Watson, Donald; Labs, Kenneth, (2005). Climatic design (energy-efficient building principles and practices), translated by Vahid Ghobadian and Mohammad Feiz Mahdavi, University of Tehran Press, ISBN: 978-964-03-3311-2. (In Persian)
Mobari, Hossein, Naghi Sadat, Farnaz, (2017). Investigating urban design patterns in energy efficiency policies, International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning in Contemporary Iran, Tehran. COI: CICEAUD01_1372. (In Persian)
Keeler, M., Vaidya, Prasad, (2016). Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.A, ISBN: 978-1-118-88191-0.
Naghizadeh, Mohammad, (2000). Qualitative characteristics of desirable housing (Design basics and methods to obtain it), Sofeh Journal, 10 (31), 23-13. (In Persian)
Zandieh, Mehdi, Parvardinejad, Samira, (2010). Sustainable Development and its Concept in Housing Architecture of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 29 (130), 2-21. Available at: https://jhre.ir/article-1-36-fa.html. (In Persian)
Tahbaz, Mansoureh, (2017). Climatic knowledge: Architectural design, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Press, ISBN: 978-964-457-253-1. (In Persian)
Avazali pour Haghighatparast; Shokoufeh, Taghizadeh, Yazdan, Zabihi, Hossein, (2019). Designing A Vernacular Pattern in Hot and Arid Climate to Reduce Energy Consumption in Housing Sector (Case Study: Yazd), Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 236-227. DOI: 10.22034/JEST.2019.14554. (In Persian)
Pesaran, Arash, Kariminia, Shahab, Nazemi, Elham, Toghiani, Shirin, (2020). Recognizing Module's Role in Traditional Houses Design in term of passive Cooling (Case Study: Traditional Houses of ghajar in Shiraz), journal of architectural thought. DOI: 10.30479/AT.2019.11383.1299. (In Persian)
Yathreb, S. (2016). Analysis of a Residential Building Energy Consumption as “Base Model” in Tripoli, Lebanon, International Journal of Energy Production and Management 1(4):359-370. DOI: 10.2495/EQ-V1-N4-359-370
Basu, Chaitali, Paul, Virendra Kumar, Syal, Matt, Dandia, Gazal, (2020). Post Occupancy Evaluation to Assess Multifamily Residential Building Energy Performance in India. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 13, No. 03, pp. 25-44, Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4064125
Meir, Isaac, Garb, Yaakov, Cicelsky, Alex, (2009). Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Inevitable Step toward Sustainability, Advances in Building Energy Research 3(1):189-219. DOI: 10.3763/aber.2009.0307
https://earth.google.com
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, (2020). Iran's National Building Regulations, Topic 19: Energy saving, ISBN: 964-7588-757. (In Persian)
ASHRAE, (2019). Standard 62.2: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings, ISSN: 1041-2336.