مدل سازی ارزیابی کیفیت زیست محیطی هوا با استفاده از منطق فازی در منطقه ویژه اقتصادی و انرژی پارس(مطالعه موردی در مناطق عسلویه، بیدخون و شیرینو)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا
حمید سرخیل
1
(استادیار، گروه محیط زیست انسانی، دانشکده محیط زیست، کرج، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
یوسف عظیمی
2
(استادیار، گروه محیط زیست انسانی، دانشکده محیط زیست، کرج، ایران.)
شاهرخ رهبری
3
(کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی شیمی- HSE، گروه محیط زیست انسانی، دانشکده محیط زیست، کرج، ایران.)
کلید واژه: منطق فازی, کیفیت هوا, 14001 ISO, HSE,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: با توجه به توسعه فازهای مختلف پتروشیمی و پالایش گاهی در مجتمع گازی پارس و به تبع آن افزایش معضلات زیست محیطی ناشی از آن علی الخصوص و تاثیر بر هوای منطقه، انجام مطالعات دانش بنیان، دقیق و کارآمد در زمینه ارزیابی و مدیریت محیط زیست این مناطق حایز اهمیت می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه به ارزیابی کیفیت زیست محیطی هوای منطقه ویژه اقتصادی و انرژی پارس در سال 2013 و 2014 با استفاده از منطق فازی پرداخته شده است. منطق فازی بر خلاف منطق کلاسیک (ارسطویی) که دو ارزشی (صفر یا 1) است، دارای بازه تغییرات بین صفر تا یک می باشد. در منطق چند ارزشی فازی می توان با متغیرهای زبان شناختی و داده های کیفی و کمی زیست محیطی، کیفیت و ریسک زیست محیطی را ارزیابی نمود. شاخص فازی کیفیت هوا FAQI در مطالعه موردی از دو سامانه استنتاج فازی 1)کیفیت هوای معیار AQI شامل: ازن O3، ذرات معلق PM2.5، کربن مونواکسید CO، دی اکسید نیتروژن NO2 و دی اکسید سولفور SO2 و 2) کیفیت هوای خاص BTEXHQI شامل سولفید هیدروژن H2S، بنزن، تولوئن، اتیل بنزن و زایلن تشکیل شده است. ضرایب وزنی در سامانه ها با بهره جویی از مطالعات پیشینه تحقیق، آنالیز حساسیت و قضاوت های کارشناسان محیط زیست به دست آمده اند. یافته‌ها: آلاینده های موثر در بالا بردن ریسک زیست محیطی، SO2 آلاینده مسوول در AQI و تولوئن آلاینده مسوول در BTEXHQI، تعیین شده است. به عنوان نمونه شاخص های فازی کیفیت زیست محیطی هوای شهر عسلویه در سال 2013 معادل 201 (خیلی ناسالم) و در سال 2014 معادل 173 (ناسالم) محاسبه شده اند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، می توان روند رو به بهبود، شاخص های کیفیت و ریسک زیست محیطی را در محدوده مورد بررسی مشاهده نمود که این امر از جمله مهم ترین دستاوردهای سامانه های مدیریت 14001 ISO و HSE_MS به شمار می رود.
Background and Objective: Considering the increasing development of gas and oil industries in Pars Gas Complex and consequently the increasing environmental problems, especially impacts on air quality, conducting knowledge-base and efficient studies for assessment and management of environmental issues in such region are of high importantance. Method: In this study, environmental air quality at the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone was evaluated using fuzzy logic in 2013 and 2014. In contrary to classical crisp logic, fuzzy logic is a highly vaulted logic in which variable vary between 0 and 1. In fuzzy logic, it is possible to assess the quality and environmental risk using qualitative (linguistic) and quantitative variables. Two fuzzy inference systems were constructed respectively based on air quality index (AQI) and Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene and H2S Quality index (BTEXHQI) to obtained the fuzzy air quality index (FAQI) in this study. Weighted rules in fuzzy inference system were calculated based on previous studies, sensitively analysis and environmental expert opinions. Findings: Results show that SO2 and Toluene are the agent pollutant in fuzzy inference systems based on AQI and BTEXHQI, respectively. For instance, fuzzy index of environmental air quality of Assaluyeh was calculated as 201 (very unhealthy) and 173 (unhealthy) in 2013 and 2014. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that quality indexes and environmental risks are being improved as one of the most important achievements of ISO 14001 and HSE management systems.
1- Sarkheil, H., Rahbari, Sh, Nazari, B., Tavakoli, J., 2014. A Study and Comparison of Environmental Assessment and Environmental Risk Assessment, History, Methods and Applications with a Case Study to Northern-Yaran Oilfield, Second National Conference on Crisis Management and HSE in Urban Arteries, Industries and Urban Management, Tehran University. (In Persian)
2- Mohammad fam, I., Nikoomaram. H., Soltanian. A., 2012. Comparative analysis of creative and classic training methods in health, safety and environment (HSE) participation improvement، Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 250-253.
3- Muhammad fam, I., kianfar, M., 2010. Application of Operational Study and HAZOP Risk Assessment Technique in Assessing Safety, Health and Environment Risks (Case Study: Oil Warehouse, National Oil Distribution Company), Environmental Science and Technology, 12th, No.1. (In Persian)
4- Muhammad Fam, I., Mahmudi, Sh., 2009. Designing and providing a comprehensive system for measuring the performance of the HSE system in the Mapna Group, the first national conference on thermal power plants. (In Persian)
5- Mohammad fam, I. and et al., 2012. Performance assessment and optimization of HSE management systems with human error and ambiguity by an integrated fuzzy multivariate approach in a large conventional power plant manufacturer، Loss Prevention in the Process Industries ، Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 594–603.
6- Mohammad fam, I., Mahmoudi, S, Kianfar. A, 2012. Development of the Health, Safety and Environment Excellence Instrument: a HSE-MS Performance Measurement ، Procedia Engineering, Volume 45, Pages 194-198.
7- Bahman nia, Gh., 2005. Change Management and Its Role in Continuous Improvement of HSE Management Systems, Journal of HSE Strategy, Issue 4, HSE Management, Ministry of Oil. (In Persian)
8- Sarkheil, H., Rahbari, Sh., Nazari, B., 2014. Investigating the Effect of Environmental Performance Indicators on the HSE Integrated Management System in South Pars, The First International Conference on HSE in Construction Projects, Mines, Oil and Gas, Shahid Beheshti University, Vol. I, pp. 79-79. (In Persian)
9- Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 8, 338-353.
10- Emam jomeh, A., Qasem Khani, V., 2010. Fuzzy logic and its important applications in everyday life, Letter of the Web, vol. 11, No. 123. (In Persian)
11- Agheli, L., Sadeghi H., 2001. Environmental degradation process in Iran, application of fuzzy logic, agriculture economics and development, year 9, No. 36. (In Persian)
12- Peche, R., Rodríguez, E., 2012. Development of environmental quality indexes based on fuzzy logic. A case study, Ecological Indicators, No. 23, pp. 555–565.
13- Salehi, C., Moradi H., 2011. Fuzzy logic and its application in assessing environmental impacts, environment and development, Issue 3, pp. 37-44. (In Persian)
14- Onkal-Engin, G., Demir, I., Hiz, H., 2004. Assessment of urban air quality in Istanbul using fuzzy synthetic evaluation, Atmospheric Environment, 38, pp. 3809-3815.
15- Sowlat, M.H., Gharibi, H., Yunesian, M., Mahmoudi, M.T., Lotfi, S., 2011. A novel, fuzzy-based air quality index (FAQI) for air quality assessment, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 2050-2059.
16- Central Council for Safety, Health and Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Oil, 2003. Guidance for the Establishment and Development of the Safety Management System, Health and Environment Ministry of Petroleum, Publications on Safety, Health and Environment, National Iranian Oil Company. (In Persian)
17- Ross, T.J., 2004. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
18- Hooda, S., Kaur, S., 1999. Laboratory manual for environmental chemistry, 1st ed., pp.18–52, S Chand and Company Limited, India.
19- En ISO 15544 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries -offshore production installations- Requirements and guidelines for emergency response ، Edition 2010-11-15.
20- International Standard ISO 17779 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries- offshore production installations- guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment ، first edition 2000-10-15.
21- International Standard ISO 10418 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries –offshore production installations- Basic surface process safety systems ، second edition 2003-10-01.
_||_1- Sarkheil, H., Rahbari, Sh, Nazari, B., Tavakoli, J., 2014. A Study and Comparison of Environmental Assessment and Environmental Risk Assessment, History, Methods and Applications with a Case Study to Northern-Yaran Oilfield, Second National Conference on Crisis Management and HSE in Urban Arteries, Industries and Urban Management, Tehran University. (In Persian)
2- Mohammad fam, I., Nikoomaram. H., Soltanian. A., 2012. Comparative analysis of creative and classic training methods in health, safety and environment (HSE) participation improvement، Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 250-253.
3- Muhammad fam, I., kianfar, M., 2010. Application of Operational Study and HAZOP Risk Assessment Technique in Assessing Safety, Health and Environment Risks (Case Study: Oil Warehouse, National Oil Distribution Company), Environmental Science and Technology, 12th, No.1. (In Persian)
4- Muhammad Fam, I., Mahmudi, Sh., 2009. Designing and providing a comprehensive system for measuring the performance of the HSE system in the Mapna Group, the first national conference on thermal power plants. (In Persian)
5- Mohammad fam, I. and et al., 2012. Performance assessment and optimization of HSE management systems with human error and ambiguity by an integrated fuzzy multivariate approach in a large conventional power plant manufacturer، Loss Prevention in the Process Industries ، Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 594–603.
6- Mohammad fam, I., Mahmoudi, S, Kianfar. A, 2012. Development of the Health, Safety and Environment Excellence Instrument: a HSE-MS Performance Measurement ، Procedia Engineering, Volume 45, Pages 194-198.
7- Bahman nia, Gh., 2005. Change Management and Its Role in Continuous Improvement of HSE Management Systems, Journal of HSE Strategy, Issue 4, HSE Management, Ministry of Oil. (In Persian)
8- Sarkheil, H., Rahbari, Sh., Nazari, B., 2014. Investigating the Effect of Environmental Performance Indicators on the HSE Integrated Management System in South Pars, The First International Conference on HSE in Construction Projects, Mines, Oil and Gas, Shahid Beheshti University, Vol. I, pp. 79-79. (In Persian)
9- Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 8, 338-353.
10- Emam jomeh, A., Qasem Khani, V., 2010. Fuzzy logic and its important applications in everyday life, Letter of the Web, vol. 11, No. 123. (In Persian)
11- Agheli, L., Sadeghi H., 2001. Environmental degradation process in Iran, application of fuzzy logic, agriculture economics and development, year 9, No. 36. (In Persian)
12- Peche, R., Rodríguez, E., 2012. Development of environmental quality indexes based on fuzzy logic. A case study, Ecological Indicators, No. 23, pp. 555–565.
13- Salehi, C., Moradi H., 2011. Fuzzy logic and its application in assessing environmental impacts, environment and development, Issue 3, pp. 37-44. (In Persian)
14- Onkal-Engin, G., Demir, I., Hiz, H., 2004. Assessment of urban air quality in Istanbul using fuzzy synthetic evaluation, Atmospheric Environment, 38, pp. 3809-3815.
15- Sowlat, M.H., Gharibi, H., Yunesian, M., Mahmoudi, M.T., Lotfi, S., 2011. A novel, fuzzy-based air quality index (FAQI) for air quality assessment, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 2050-2059.
16- Central Council for Safety, Health and Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Oil, 2003. Guidance for the Establishment and Development of the Safety Management System, Health and Environment Ministry of Petroleum, Publications on Safety, Health and Environment, National Iranian Oil Company. (In Persian)
17- Ross, T.J., 2004. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
18- Hooda, S., Kaur, S., 1999. Laboratory manual for environmental chemistry, 1st ed., pp.18–52, S Chand and Company Limited, India.
19- En ISO 15544 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries -offshore production installations- Requirements and guidelines for emergency response ، Edition 2010-11-15.
20- International Standard ISO 17779 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries- offshore production installations- guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment ، first edition 2000-10-15.
21- International Standard ISO 10418 ، Petroleum and natural gas industries –offshore production installations- Basic surface process safety systems ، second edition 2003-10-01.
