ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک جنگل های منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران با روش های ارزیابی چند معیاره بولین و تکنیک ترکیب خطی وزنی(WLC) با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
ابراهیم فریدی
1
(باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران * (مسوول مکاتبات).)
خلیل ولیزاده کامران
2
(استادیار گروه GIS&RS دانشگاه تبریز)
محمد رضوانی
3
(استادیار گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور تهران)
کلید واژه: ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک جنگلداری, بولین, تکنیک ترکیب خطی وزنی, منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران در شمالغرب ایران و در استان آذربایجان شرقی واقع شده است. این منطقه جزء یکی از نه ذخیره گاه زیست کره کشور می باشد و 66.5 درصد از سطح این منطقه را جنگل پوشانده است. در این پژوهش به ارزیابی توان جنگلداری این منطقه با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) پرداخته شد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق از دو روش بولین و تکنیک ترکیب خطی وزنی و وزن دهی به روش سلسله مراتبی بر پایه AHP جهت ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک جنگل های منطقه حفاظت شده ارسباران استفاده شده است. جهت ارزیابی توان جنگلداری منطقه مورد مطالعه، ابتدا به مطالعه و شناخت ویژگی های اکولوژیکی منطقه از قبیل ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب، بافت خاک، اقلیم، ارزش گونه های گیاهی، عمق خاک و تراکم تاج پوشش پرداخته شد و سپس مدل اختصاصی جنگلداری ارسباران تهیه گردید. یافته‌ها: در مرحله اول این تحقیق، توان جنگلداری منطقه در نرم فزار ARC GIS10 بر اساس منطق بولین مشخص گردید که نتایج حاکی از وجود طبقات 3 تا 7 وعدم وجود طبقات 1 و 2 جنگلداری بود. در مرحله دوم این تحقیق، با استفاده از نظر کارشناسان سلسله مراتب اهمیت معیارها و زیر معیارهای دخیل در فرایند ارزیابی مشخص و با استفاده از نرم افزارExpert Choice11 وزن هر کدام از فاکتورها مشخص گردید. سپس روش ترکیب خطی وزنی برای کاربری جنگلداری برای منطقه مذکوراجرا شد که نتایج حاکی از وجود هر 7 طبقه جنگلداری برای منطقه مورد تحقیق بوده است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: برای ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی سرزمین به منظور توسعه انواع کاربریها، سالهاست که از روش سیستمی ابداعی مکهارگ استفاده می شود. اقدام جدیدتر در این فرآیند، استفاده از مدلهای ریاضی در ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی و به کارگیری فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) در تعیین وزن و اهمیت نسبی گزینهها و ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی با سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) است. در این تحقیق ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی جنگلداری با دو روش فوق الذکر انجام، و طی آن معایب و مزایای آنها بررسی گردید.
Background and Objective: Arasbaran protected area is located in East Azerbayjan in the northwest of Iran. This area is one of the nine reserves in Iran, and 66.5% of it is covered by forests. In this study, land capability evaluation of this area for forestry was carried out in Geographic Information System (GIS) surrounding. Method: Both Boolean and weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods along with analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used. First, the ecological characteristics of the study area including elevation, slope, soil texture, climate, value of vegetation type, soil depth and vegetation density were studied and then the calibrated model for forestry in Arasbaran area was created. Findings: In the first step, land capability assessment was done using Boolean method and results showed the presence of class capabilities of third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh, and lack of class capability of first and second for forestry. In the next step, the importance of criteria and sub-criteria was calculated using expert’s comments and AHP technique in Expert Choice 11. Then, land capability assessment was done using weighted linear combination. The results showed that all of the seven suitability classes for forestry were proper in the area. Discussion and Conclusion: Mc-Harg systemic model has been used to evaluate the ecologic capability evaluation for many years. The new process in ecologic capability evaluation is to use the mathematical models and to use the analytical hierarchy process for determining the weights and relative importance of the alternatives and for ecologic capability assessment by geographic information systems (GIS). In this study, to evaluate the forestry ecologic capability, both Boolean and WLC methods were used and the advantages and disadvantages of them were investigated.
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- Wood, L.J. and S. Dragicevic (2006). GIS-BasedMulti criteria Evaluation and Fuzzy Sets to Identify Priority Sites for Marine Protection. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(9): 2539-2558.
- Asgharpour, M.J. (2006). Multi criteria decision making. Tehran: Tehran university press.
- .Xue, Y.J., Y.M. Hu, S.G. Liu, J.F. Yang, G.C. Chen and S.T. Bao (2007). Improving land resource evaluation using fuzzy neural network ensembles. Remote Sensing of Environment, 11:369–384.
- Mohammadzade Ghane, Alireza, 1997, studying the environmental impacts of irregular harvesting of Arasbaran forests and providing environmental management plans, Environmental Protection department of East Azarbaijan Province, Tabriz city, Iran. (In Persian)
- Barnes, V.B., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R. and Spurr, S.H.,1997. Forest Ecology. Fourth ed. Wiley, NewYork. 774 p.
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- Ghodsipour, S.H. (2005). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Tehran: Amirkabir Industrial University press. (In Persian)
- Karam, Abdolamir, 2005, Analyzing land suitability for Physical development in north west region of Tabriz city using MCE method in Geographic Information System, geographic researches, 54, 93-106. (In Persian)
- Rossiter,D.G. 1996. A theorical framework for land evaluation. Geoderama. 72: 165-190
- Ownegh, M., Ghanghermeh, A. and Abedi, G. 2006. Land use management planfor southeastern coasts of the Caspian Sea: (Introduction a numerical model forecological potential assessment and land use planning). Agriculture and NaturalResources Science, 13: 15. 139-152. (In Persian)
- Saaty, T, (1980)."The analytical hierarchical process: lanning, Prioritysetting, resource allocation. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
- Loi, N.K. and Tuan, V.M. 2008. Integration of GIS and AHP techniques forland use suitability analysis in Di Linh District-Upstream Dong Nai watershed-Vietnam. Fortrop II International Conference Tropical Forestry Change in aChanging World. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. 17-20 November, Pp: 112-121
- Faraji Sabokbar, H. 2005. Site selection services business units using AnalyticalHierarchy Process (AHP). Geographical Research, 37: 51. 125-137. (In Persian)
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- Ramakrishna, N. 2003. Production system planning for natural resourceconservation in a micro watershed, Electronic Green, 18: 1-10
- Prato, G. 2007. Evaluating land use plans under uncertainly. Land Use Policy,24:165-174
- Makhdoom, M. 2006. Fundamental of land use planning. 7th edition. TehranUniversity, 289p. (In Persian)
- Lajavardi, S. 2002. Natural resources in world. Forest and Range. 57: 77-97. (In Persian)
- Marvi Mohajer, M.R. 2003. Tehran University, 387p. (In Persian)
- Amiri, M.J., Jalali, S.G., Salman Mahini, A., Hossaini, S.M. and Azari Dehkordi,F. 2009. Ecological potential evaluation of Dohezar and Sehezar watersheds in north of Iran using GIS. Environmental Studies, 50: 35. 33-44. (In Persian)
- Sasani, Ali, 1996, Arasbaran Protected Area Identification, Biosphere Reserve, Environmental Protection department of East Azarbaijan Province, Tabriz city, Iran. (In Persian)
- Brail, R. and R. klosterman (2001). Planning supportsystems: integrating Geographic Information systems, models, and visualization tools. USA: ESRI- press.
- Bogardi, I., A. bardossy, M.D. mayas and L. Duckstein (1996). Risk assessment and fuzzy logic as related to environmental science. NewYork: SSSA special publ. NewYork: SSSA special publ.
- Wood, L.J. and S. Dragicevic (2006). GIS-BasedMulti criteria Evaluation and Fuzzy Sets to Identify Priority Sites for Marine Protection. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(9): 2539-2558.
- Asgharpour, M.J. (2006). Multi criteria decision making. Tehran: Tehran university press.
- .Xue, Y.J., Y.M. Hu, S.G. Liu, J.F. Yang, G.C. Chen and S.T. Bao (2007). Improving land resource evaluation using fuzzy neural network ensembles. Remote Sensing of Environment, 11:369–384.
- Mohammadzade Ghane, Alireza, 1997, studying the environmental impacts of irregular harvesting of Arasbaran forests and providing environmental management plans, Environmental Protection department of East Azarbaijan Province, Tabriz city, Iran. (In Persian)
- Barnes, V.B., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R. and Spurr, S.H.,1997. Forest Ecology. Fourth ed. Wiley, NewYork. 774 p.
- .Hall, G.B., F. Wang and S. Subaryono (1992). Comparison of Boolean and fuzzy classification methods in land suitability analysis by using geographical information systems. Environment and Planning, A. 24:497–516.
- Shahabi, H., Khezri, S., Niri, H., 2008, Studying effective factors in site selecting for Relief and rescue stations Saqez-Sanandaj road using Weighted Linear Combination, the 4th Comprehensive international conference on crisis and Passive Defense in national sustainability, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Shahabi, H., Niazi, Ch., 2009, Evaluation the effective factors in site selecting for road Relief and rescue stations, Geometric national conference, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
- Ghodsipour, S.H. (2005). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Tehran: Amirkabir Industrial University press. (In Persian)
- Karam, Abdolamir, 2005, Analyzing land suitability for Physical development in north west region of Tabriz city using MCE method in Geographic Information System, geographic researches, 54, 93-106. (In Persian)
- Rossiter,D.G. 1996. A theorical framework for land evaluation. Geoderama. 72: 165-190
- Ownegh, M., Ghanghermeh, A. and Abedi, G. 2006. Land use management planfor southeastern coasts of the Caspian Sea: (Introduction a numerical model forecological potential assessment and land use planning). Agriculture and NaturalResources Science, 13: 15. 139-152. (In Persian)
- Saaty, T, (1980)."The analytical hierarchical process: lanning, Prioritysetting, resource allocation. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
- Loi, N.K. and Tuan, V.M. 2008. Integration of GIS and AHP techniques forland use suitability analysis in Di Linh District-Upstream Dong Nai watershed-Vietnam. Fortrop II International Conference Tropical Forestry Change in aChanging World. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. 17-20 November, Pp: 112-121
- Faraji Sabokbar, H. 2005. Site selection services business units using AnalyticalHierarchy Process (AHP). Geographical Research, 37: 51. 125-137. (In Persian)
