ارزیابی میزان رویش جنگل در یک دهه با استفاده از قطعات نمونه دایم (مطالعه موردی: بخش گرازبن جنگل خیرود، استان مازندران)
محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیست
محمود بیات
1
(استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات))
فاطمه گرزین
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.)
کلید واژه: تعداد درختان در هکتار, حجم سرپا, رویش حجمی, قطعات نمونه دایم,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: تعیین رویش جنگل از اساسی ترین اهداف و وظایف مدیریت جنگل است، که به علت پیچیده بودن فرایند تعیین حجم و رویش همیشه با چالش هایی برای بخش اجرا همراه بوده است. در یک برنامه‌ریزی دقیق، دانستن حجم موجودی سرپا و رویش الزامی است. رویش حجمی توده های جنگلی اساس تعیین میزان برداشت سالانه در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت بهره برداری چوب از جنگل به حساب می آید که برداشت این مقدار چوب باعث توسعه پایدار جنگل شده و بدون این که مشکلی هم برای این منابع با ارزش کشورمان ایجاد کند، تا حدودی می تواند نیازهای چوبی کشور را تامین کند. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق که در بخش گرازبن جنگل خیرود در استان مازندران انجام گرفت، با استفاده از 258 قطعه نمونه دایم 10 آری دایره شکل، رویش حجمی و تعداد درختان توده جنگلی به طریقه مستقیم، اندازه گیری و محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین تعداد در هکتار درختان به ترتیب برابر با 15/298و 4/290 اصله در سال 1382 و 1391می باشد. حجم در هکتار درختان به ترتیب برابر 8/335 و 7/367 سیلو در سال 1382 و 1391می باشد. گونه راش با وجود آن که 31 درصد تعداد درختان بخش گرازبن را تشکیل می دهد ولی به لحاظ حجم سرپا 57 درصد موجودی این بخش را تشکیل می دهد.رویش حجمی سالانه 4 سیلو در هکتار و رویش تعداد 8/5- اصله در هکتار و در سال می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: در نهایت می توان اشاره کرد که آماربرداری با قطعات نمونه دایم اطلاعات و لازم و آمار دقیق را برای تعیین رویش حجمی و تعداد در اختیار قرار می دهد تا در اجرای مدیریت درست و تصمیم گیری های مناسب یاری رساند. ضمن این که برداشت این مقدار رویش حجمی علاوه بر کمک به اقتصاد، باعث توسعه پایدار جنگل می شود.
Background and Purpose: Determination of forest growth is one of the most important goals and tasks in forest management, which has always been accompanied by challenges in the implementation section due to the complexity of volume and growth process determination. Knowing the volume of standing trees and growth is mandatory in an accurate planning. The volumetric growth of forest stands is a basis for determining the annual cutting in planning and management of forest exploitation. Harvest of this amount of wood leads to forest sustainable development and, to some extent, can provide the wood needed in the country without raising a problem for these valuable resources. Study method: This study was done in Gorazbon district of Kheyroud forest in Mazandaran province. 258 permanent sample plots were measured in the circle area of 10 R. Then, volumetric growth and number of trees in forest stands were directly calculated. Results: Results showed that the average tree numbers were 298.15 and 290.4 stems per ha in 2003 and 2012 respectively. The growing stocks were 335.8 and 367.7 sylve per ha sustainable forest management. Although beech constitutes 31% of the total number of trees in Gorazbon district, it accounts for 57% of the whole trees in terms of standing volume. Annual volumetric growth is 4 sylve per hectare and growth of tree number is -5.8 per hectare annually. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that preparing an inventory by permanent sample plots provides the necessary information and detailed statistics to determine the volumetric growth and number of trees to contribute to proper management and decision making. Moreover, harvesting this volumetric growth can help the economy and lead to sustainable development of the forest at the same time.
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- Bayat, M., Namiranian, M., Zobeiri, M., Pukala, T., 2013. Using growing models to study and simulate different forest management methods and scenarios. Forest and Wood Products journal. Vol. 67(4), pp. 595-612. ( In Persian)
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- Dauber, E., Fredericksen, T.S., Peña, M., 2005.Sustainability of timber harvesting in Boliviantropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 214(1-3), pp. 294-304.
- Mirbaydin, A., Sagheb Talebi, KH., 1991. The success rate of forestry by Picea in different communities of Kelardasht. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute press. 36p. ( In Persian)
- Köhl, M., Scott, C., Zingg, A., 1995. Evaluation of permanent sample surveys for growth and yield studies: a Swiss example. Forest Ecology and Management. Vol. 71, pp. 187-194.
- Sterba, H., Lederman, T., 2006. Inventory and modeling for forests in transition from evenaged to uneven –aged management. Forest Ecology and Management, 224: 278-285.
- Top, N., Mizoue, N., Kai, S., 2004. Estimatingforest biomass increment based on permanentsample plots in relation to woodfuel consumption:a case study in Kampong Thom Province,Cambodi. Journal of Foret Research. Vol. 9, pp. 117–123.
- Mirbaydin, A., 1994. Comparison of beech growth in virginal and used stands in the North of Iran. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute press. Vol. 104, 35p. (In Persian)
- Hatami, N., Moayeri, M.H., Heidari, H.L., 2013. Volume Increment Determination of Forest Stand Types in the District One of Dr Bahramnia Forest Management Plan,Gorgan. Iranian Forests Ecology. Vol. 1(2), pp. 57-69. (In Persian)
- Jokar, M., Feghhi, J., Heshmat Alvaezin, M., Namiranian, M., Etemad, V., 2013. Determination of volume increment of Caspian beech by Swiss control method. Forest and Rangeland journal. Vol. 97, pp. 40-45. (In Persian)
- Zahedi Amiri, GH., 1991. Determination of forest increment using fixed sample units in Kheyroud Forest.Msc Forestry, University of Tehran. 150p. (In Persian)
- Bayat, M., Namiranian, M., Zobeiri, M. and Fathi, J. 2013a. Determining the growing volume and number of trees in the forest using permanent sample plots. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Vol. 21 (3), pp. 424-438. (In Persian)
- Parhizkar, P., Sagheb Talebi, KH., 2016. Status of unmanaged oriental beech stand in different development stages within 5-years period (case study: Langa- Kelardasht). Journal of Plant Research. Vol. 29(1), pp. 31-42. (In Persian)
- Hasanzad Navrodi, I., Hasangholopour, H., 2015. Determine the volume increment of trees in the series of Nav, Asalem. First National Conference on Natural Environment, Gilan, Iran. (In Persian)
- Sarmadian, F., Jafari, M., 2001. Investigating the forest soils of the research station of the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Natural Resources Journal. 111p. (In Persian)
- Pretzch, H., Grote, R., Reineking, B., Rotzer, T.H., Seifert, S.T., 2008. Models forforest ecosystem management: a European perspective, Ann. Bot. Vol.101, pp. 1065–1087.
- Härkönen, S., Mäkinen, A.,Tokola, T., Rasinmäki, J., Kalliovirta, J., 2010. Evaluation of forest growth simulators with NFI permanent sample plot data from Finland. Forest Ecology and Management. Vol. 259, pp. 573- 589.
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- of Bayesian model averaging in compatibility of stand basal area for even-aged plantations in southern China. Forest Science. Vol. 60(7), pp. 645e651.
- Bayat, M., Namiranian, M., Zobeiri, M., Pukala, T., 2013. Using growing models to study and simulate different forest management methods and scenarios. Forest and Wood Products journal. Vol. 67(4), pp. 595-612. ( In Persian)
- McLaren, K.P., Lévesque, M., Sharma, C., Wilson, B., McDonald, M.A., 2011. From seedlings totrees: Using ontogenetic models of growth andsurvivorship to assess long-term (>100 years) dynamics of aneotropical dry forest. ForestEcology and Management. Vol. 262, pp. 916–930.
- Rolim, S.G., Jesus, R.M., Henrque, E., Couto, H.,Chambers, J., 2004. Biomass change in an Atlantictropical moist forest: the ENSO effect inpermanent sample plots over a 22-year period.Oecologia. Vol. 142, pp. 238–246.
- Dauber, E., Fredericksen, T.S., Peña, M., 2005.Sustainability of timber harvesting in Boliviantropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 214(1-3), pp. 294-304.
- Mirbaydin, A., Sagheb Talebi, KH., 1991. The success rate of forestry by Picea in different communities of Kelardasht. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute press. 36p. ( In Persian)
- Köhl, M., Scott, C., Zingg, A., 1995. Evaluation of permanent sample surveys for growth and yield studies: a Swiss example. Forest Ecology and Management. Vol. 71, pp. 187-194.
- Sterba, H., Lederman, T., 2006. Inventory and modeling for forests in transition from evenaged to uneven –aged management. Forest Ecology and Management, 224: 278-285.
- Top, N., Mizoue, N., Kai, S., 2004. Estimatingforest biomass increment based on permanentsample plots in relation to woodfuel consumption:a case study in Kampong Thom Province,Cambodi. Journal of Foret Research. Vol. 9, pp. 117–123.
- Mirbaydin, A., 1994. Comparison of beech growth in virginal and used stands in the North of Iran. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute press. Vol. 104, 35p. (In Persian)
- Hatami, N., Moayeri, M.H., Heidari, H.L., 2013. Volume Increment Determination of Forest Stand Types in the District One of Dr Bahramnia Forest Management Plan,Gorgan. Iranian Forests Ecology. Vol. 1(2), pp. 57-69. (In Persian)
- Jokar, M., Feghhi, J., Heshmat Alvaezin, M., Namiranian, M., Etemad, V., 2013. Determination of volume increment of Caspian beech by Swiss control method. Forest and Rangeland journal. Vol. 97, pp. 40-45. (In Persian)
- Zahedi Amiri, GH., 1991. Determination of forest increment using fixed sample units in Kheyroud Forest.Msc Forestry, University of Tehran. 150p. (In Persian)
- Bayat, M., Namiranian, M., Zobeiri, M. and Fathi, J. 2013a. Determining the growing volume and number of trees in the forest using permanent sample plots. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Vol. 21 (3), pp. 424-438. (In Persian)
- Parhizkar, P., Sagheb Talebi, KH., 2016. Status of unmanaged oriental beech stand in different development stages within 5-years period (case study: Langa- Kelardasht). Journal of Plant Research. Vol. 29(1), pp. 31-42. (In Persian)
- Hasanzad Navrodi, I., Hasangholopour, H., 2015. Determine the volume increment of trees in the series of Nav, Asalem. First National Conference on Natural Environment, Gilan, Iran. (In Persian)
- Sarmadian, F., Jafari, M., 2001. Investigating the forest soils of the research station of the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Natural Resources Journal. 111p. (In Persian)
- Pretzch, H., Grote, R., Reineking, B., Rotzer, T.H., Seifert, S.T., 2008. Models forforest ecosystem management: a European perspective, Ann. Bot. Vol.101, pp. 1065–1087.
- Härkönen, S., Mäkinen, A.,Tokola, T., Rasinmäki, J., Kalliovirta, J., 2010. Evaluation of forest growth simulators with NFI permanent sample plot data from Finland. Forest Ecology and Management. Vol. 259, pp. 573- 589.
