تعیین مقدار بهینه نانوذرات دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در کامپوزیت دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم/بنتونیت جهت رنگبری سونوفتوکاتالیستی رنگ متیل‌اورانژ
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
مهران یوسفی
1
(کارشناس ارشد گروه مهندسی شیمی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران.)
محمد قربانپور
2
(دانشیار گروه مهندسی شیمی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/06/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/04/05
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01
کلید واژه:
دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم,
کامپوزیت,
بنتونیت,
سونوفتوکاتالیست,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از مهم‌ترین آلاینده های محیط زیست در پساب صنایع، رنگ می باشد که برای انسان خطرناک بوده و محیط زیست را آلوده می نماید. هدف از این پژوهش تعیین مقدار بهینه نانوذرات دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در کامپوزیت دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم/بنتونیت جهت رنگبری سونوفتوکاتالیستی رنگ متیل‌اورانژ بود.
روش بررسی: در این بررسی، از بنتونیت به عنوان پایه برای تثبیت فتوکاتالیست دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم استفاده شد و مقدار بهینه نانوذرات تثبیت شده دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در کامپوزیت دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم/بنتونیت جهت رنگبری سونوفتوکاتالیستی رنگ متیل‌اورانژ مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و شرایط بهینه عملکرد فرایند سونوفتوکاتالیستی در حذف رنگ شامل اثر پارامترهای pH ، غلظت متیل اورانژ و غلظت نانوکامپوزیت نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها:خواص ساختاری فتوکاتالیست‌های تثبیت شده و نانوذرات دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم بدون پایه با استفاده از آنالیزهای میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، اسپکتروفتومتر طیف جذبی و پراش‌پرتوایکس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در نهایت، امکان استفاده مجدد از فتوکاتالیست در 3 دوره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج میکروسکوپ‌الکترونی‌روبشی، کم کردن مقدار دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم موجب کاهش تعداد نانو ذرات تشکیل شده بر روی سطح بنتونیت شد. آنالیزهای اسپکتروفتومترطیف‌جذبی و پراش‌پرتوایکس نشانگر تشکیل موفقیت آمیز کامپوزیت بود. مقدار بهینه نانوذرات دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم در کامپوزیت دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم/بنتونیت جهت رنگبری سونوفتوکاتالیستی رنگ متیل‌اورانژ با نسبت پودر دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم به بنتونیت 5:1/2 بدست آمد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: تحقیق انجام شده نشان داد افزایش مقدار فتوکاتالیست در محیط واکنش باعث افزایش سرعت و راندمان واکنش رنگبری شده اما افزایش بیش از اندازه آن تاثیر منفی بر واکنش داشت. بهترین شرایط به دست آمده در تخریب رنگ مورد مطالعه با استفاده از نانو کامپوزیت دی‌اکسیدتیتانیوم / بنتونیت شامل pH اسیدی 4 بود. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، با افزایش غلظت رنگزا مدت زمان رنگبری افزایش یافت. در نهایت بازده سونوفتوکاتالیستی کامپوزیت پس از سه بار استفاده مجدد قابل قبول بود
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide Titanium Nanoparticles in Dioxide Titanium /Bentonite Composite for sono photo catalytic de-colorization of Methyl Orange dye.
Methods: In this study, bentonite was used as the substrate to stabilize titanium dioxide photo catalyst and the optimum amount of stabilized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/ bentonite composite was evaluated for sono photo catalytic removal of methyl orange dye. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the photo catalytic process performance in dye removal included the effect of pH, methyl orange concentrations and nanocomposite doses.
Findings: Structural properties of bentonite/titanium dioxide composites and pure titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Xray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the possibility of reuse of photo catalyst was investigated in three periods. Based on SEM results, reducing the amount of titanium dioxide reduced the number of nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. XRD and DRS analyses showed successful composite formation. The optimum amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in titanium dioxide/bentonite composite was obtained for sono photo catalytic dye removal of methyl orange with the titanium dioxide powder to bentonite ratio of 1: 2.5 in the primary mixture.
Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that increasing the amount of photo catalyst in the reaction medium increased the speed and efficiency of the dye removal but its excessive increase had a negative effect on the reaction. The best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using titanium dioxide/bentonite nanocomposite at pH 4. According to the results, the increase in concentration increased dye removal time. Finally, the sono photo catalytic composite efficiency was acceptable after three times of reuse.
منابع و مأخذ:
منابع
Herrera, P., Burghardt, R.C. and Phillips, T.D., 2000. Adsorption of Salmonella enteritidis by cetylpyridinium-exchanged montmorillonite clays. Veterinary microbiology, Vol. 74(3), pp.259-272.
Yousofi, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2017. Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl Orange by Silica-Supported TiO2 Composites. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials, 50(1), pp.43-50.
Mrowetz, M., Pirola, C. and Selli, E., 2003. Degradation of organic water pollutants through sonophotocatalysis in the presence of TiO2. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, Vol. 10(4-5), pp.247-254.
4 Kaur, S. and Singh, V., 2007. Visible light induced sonophotocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red dye 198 using dye sensitized TiO2. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, Vol. 14(5), pp.531-537.
5 Ghorbanpour, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2016. Solid-state immobilisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto nanoclay. Micro & Nano Letters, Vol. 11(11), pp.684-687.
Taufik, A., Muzakki, A. and Saleh, R., 2018. Effect of nanographene platelets on adsorption and sonophotocatalytic performances of TiO2/CuO composite for removal of organic pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 99, pp.109-123.
Taufik, A., Muzakki, A. and Saleh, R., 2018. Effect of nanographene platelets on adsorption and sonophotocatalytic performances of TiO2/CuO composite for removal of organic pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 99, pp.109-123.
Pouraboulghasem, H., Ghorbanpour, M., Shayegh, R. and Lotfiman, S., 2016. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of alkaline ion-exchanged ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites. Journal of Central South University, Vol. 23(4), pp.787-792.
Rahman, A.H., Misra, A.J., Das, S., Das, B., Jayabalan, R., Suar, M., Mishra, A., Tamhankar, A.J., Lundborg, C.S. and Tripathy, S.K., 2018. Mechanistic insight into the disinfection of Salmonella sp. by sun-light assisted sonophotocatalysis using doped ZnO nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 336, pp.476-488.
Gilani, S., Ghorbanpour, M. and Jadid, A.P., 2016. Antibacterial activity of ZnO films prepared by anodizing. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol. 6(2), pp.183-189.
Oppenländer, T., 2007. Photochemical purification of water and air: advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-principles, reaction mechanisms, reactor concepts. John Wiley & Sons.
Gao, Y., Luo, H., Mizusugi, S. and Nagai, M., 2008. Surfactant-free synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanorods in an aqueous peroxotitanate solution. Crystal Growth and Design, Vol. 8(6), pp.1804-1807.
Shan, A.Y., Ghazi, T.I.M. and Rashid, S.A., 2010. Immobilisation of titanium dioxide onto supporting materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis: a review. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 389(1-2), pp.1-8.
Ghorbanpour, M., Mazloumi, M. and Nouri, A., 2017. Silver-Doped Nanoclay with Antibacterial Activity. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials, Vol. 50(2), pp.124-131.
Garshasbi, N., Ghorbanpour, M., Nouri, A., and Lotfiman, S. 2017. Preparation of Zinc Oxide-Nanoclay Hybrids by Alkaline Ion Exchange Method. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 34(4), pp. 1055-1063.
Ghorbanpour, M., Moghimi, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2017. Silica-supported copper oxide nanoleaf with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, Vol. 2(2), pp.112-117.
Wang, Z., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Yan, J., Zhao, Y., Mahoney, C., Ferebee, R., Luo, D., Pietrasik, J., Bockstaller, M.R. and Matyjaszewski, K., 2017. Photocatalytic Active Mesoporous Carbon/ZnO Hybrid Materials from Block Copolymer Tethered ZnO Nanocrystals. Langmuir, Vol. 33(43), pp.12276-12284.
18 . Ghorbanpour, M., Hakimi, B., and Feizi, A. 2018. A Comparative Study of Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/activated Carbon Nanocomposites Prepared by Solid-state and Conventional Precipitation Methods. Journal of Nanostructures, vol. 8(3), pp. 259-265.
Babel, S. and Kurniawan, T.A., 2003. Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. Journal of hazardous materials, Vol. 97(1-3), pp.219-243.
Malekshahi Byranvand, M., Nemati Kharat, A., Fatholahi, L. and Malekshahi Beiranvand, Z., 2013. A review on synthesis of nano-TiO2 via different methods. Journal of nanostructures, Vol. 3(1), pp.1-9.
Sun, Z., Chen, Y., Ke, Q., Yang, Y. and Yuan, J., 2002. Photocatalytic degradation of a cationic azo dye by TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 149(1-3), pp.169-174.
Dunlop, P.S., McMurray, T.A., Hamilton, J.W. and Byrne, J.A., 2008. Photocatalytic inactivation of Clostridium perfringens spores on TiO2 electrodes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol.196 (1), pp.113-119.
Qamar, M. and Muneer, M., 2009. A comparative photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide by investigating the degradation of vanillin. Desalination, Vol. 249(2), pp.535-540.
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منابع
Herrera, P., Burghardt, R.C. and Phillips, T.D., 2000. Adsorption of Salmonella enteritidis by cetylpyridinium-exchanged montmorillonite clays. Veterinary microbiology, Vol. 74(3), pp.259-272.
Yousofi, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2017. Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl Orange by Silica-Supported TiO2 Composites. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials, 50(1), pp.43-50.
Mrowetz, M., Pirola, C. and Selli, E., 2003. Degradation of organic water pollutants through sonophotocatalysis in the presence of TiO2. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, Vol. 10(4-5), pp.247-254.
4 Kaur, S. and Singh, V., 2007. Visible light induced sonophotocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red dye 198 using dye sensitized TiO2. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, Vol. 14(5), pp.531-537.
5 Ghorbanpour, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2016. Solid-state immobilisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto nanoclay. Micro & Nano Letters, Vol. 11(11), pp.684-687.
Taufik, A., Muzakki, A. and Saleh, R., 2018. Effect of nanographene platelets on adsorption and sonophotocatalytic performances of TiO2/CuO composite for removal of organic pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 99, pp.109-123.
Taufik, A., Muzakki, A. and Saleh, R., 2018. Effect of nanographene platelets on adsorption and sonophotocatalytic performances of TiO2/CuO composite for removal of organic pollutants. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 99, pp.109-123.
Pouraboulghasem, H., Ghorbanpour, M., Shayegh, R. and Lotfiman, S., 2016. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of alkaline ion-exchanged ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites. Journal of Central South University, Vol. 23(4), pp.787-792.
Rahman, A.H., Misra, A.J., Das, S., Das, B., Jayabalan, R., Suar, M., Mishra, A., Tamhankar, A.J., Lundborg, C.S. and Tripathy, S.K., 2018. Mechanistic insight into the disinfection of Salmonella sp. by sun-light assisted sonophotocatalysis using doped ZnO nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 336, pp.476-488.
Gilani, S., Ghorbanpour, M. and Jadid, A.P., 2016. Antibacterial activity of ZnO films prepared by anodizing. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol. 6(2), pp.183-189.
Oppenländer, T., 2007. Photochemical purification of water and air: advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-principles, reaction mechanisms, reactor concepts. John Wiley & Sons.
Gao, Y., Luo, H., Mizusugi, S. and Nagai, M., 2008. Surfactant-free synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanorods in an aqueous peroxotitanate solution. Crystal Growth and Design, Vol. 8(6), pp.1804-1807.
Shan, A.Y., Ghazi, T.I.M. and Rashid, S.A., 2010. Immobilisation of titanium dioxide onto supporting materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis: a review. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 389(1-2), pp.1-8.
Ghorbanpour, M., Mazloumi, M. and Nouri, A., 2017. Silver-Doped Nanoclay with Antibacterial Activity. Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials, Vol. 50(2), pp.124-131.
Garshasbi, N., Ghorbanpour, M., Nouri, A., and Lotfiman, S. 2017. Preparation of Zinc Oxide-Nanoclay Hybrids by Alkaline Ion Exchange Method. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 34(4), pp. 1055-1063.
Ghorbanpour, M., Moghimi, M. and Lotfiman, S., 2017. Silica-supported copper oxide nanoleaf with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology, Vol. 2(2), pp.112-117.
Wang, Z., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Yan, J., Zhao, Y., Mahoney, C., Ferebee, R., Luo, D., Pietrasik, J., Bockstaller, M.R. and Matyjaszewski, K., 2017. Photocatalytic Active Mesoporous Carbon/ZnO Hybrid Materials from Block Copolymer Tethered ZnO Nanocrystals. Langmuir, Vol. 33(43), pp.12276-12284.
18 . Ghorbanpour, M., Hakimi, B., and Feizi, A. 2018. A Comparative Study of Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/activated Carbon Nanocomposites Prepared by Solid-state and Conventional Precipitation Methods. Journal of Nanostructures, vol. 8(3), pp. 259-265.
Babel, S. and Kurniawan, T.A., 2003. Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. Journal of hazardous materials, Vol. 97(1-3), pp.219-243.
Malekshahi Byranvand, M., Nemati Kharat, A., Fatholahi, L. and Malekshahi Beiranvand, Z., 2013. A review on synthesis of nano-TiO2 via different methods. Journal of nanostructures, Vol. 3(1), pp.1-9.
Sun, Z., Chen, Y., Ke, Q., Yang, Y. and Yuan, J., 2002. Photocatalytic degradation of a cationic azo dye by TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 149(1-3), pp.169-174.
Dunlop, P.S., McMurray, T.A., Hamilton, J.W. and Byrne, J.A., 2008. Photocatalytic inactivation of Clostridium perfringens spores on TiO2 electrodes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol.196 (1), pp.113-119.
Qamar, M. and Muneer, M., 2009. A comparative photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide by investigating the degradation of vanillin. Desalination, Vol. 249(2), pp.535-540.
