دیپلماسی محیط زیست در پرتو هم گرائی بین المللی؛ رهیافتی موثر در نیل به سوی حقوق بین الملل توسعه پایدار
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
علی زارع
1
(استادیارگروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، تهران، ایران.)
سبحان طیبی
2
(پژوهشگر حقوق بین الملل، دکتری حقوق محیط زیست دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران و مدرس دانشگاه *(مسوول مکاتبات).)
شیما نادری
3
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: دیپلماسی محیط زیست, حفاظت از محیط زیست, تعهدات مشترک و هم گرایی بین ال, حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست, توسعه پایدار, مسوولیت بین المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده امروزه حفاظت از محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار دو محور اساسی در مسیر حیات انسانی است. در این فرآیند بازیگران بین المللی که همانا دولت ها و سازمان های بین المللی هستند نقش عمده ای ایفا می کنند. پایبندی به تعهدات مشترک بین المللی و لزوم تبعیت از قواعد آمره دو مبنای بسیار مهم در تبیین نقش دیپلماسی محیط زیست در نیل به سوی توسعه پایدار است. به یقین توسعه و حفاظت از محیط زیست در مسیر پایداری قرار نخواهد گرفت مگر آن که تعاملات منطقه ای و همکاری های بین المللی شکل جدی به خود بگیرد. این پژوهش بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و نگرشی توصیفی تحلیلی داشته و بر پایه بررسی های نو اندیشانه استوار است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تبیین مسیر تحول حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست در پرتو توسعه پایدار و حفاظت از محیط زیست در چارچوب دیپلماسی محیط زیست و همچنین نقش دولت ها در برابر چالش های محیط زیستی با تکیه بر هم گرایی بین المللی با امعان نظر به بسترهای قانونی بین المللی است. تهدیدات و مخاطرات محیط زیستی نشان از یک روند غیر طبیعی و غیر منطقی از رفتار بشری دارد که هنوز پاسخی برای آن به طور قطعی وجود ندارد اما در مقطع کنونی، تقویت هم گرایی بینالمللی در پرتو دیپلماسی محیط زیست در نیل به سوی حفاظت از محیط زیست در جهت تحقق صلح به عنوان یک راهبرد، ضروری است.
Today, environmental protection and sustainable development are two essential axes in the path of human life. In this process, international actors, namely governments and international organizations, play a major role. Commitment to international commitments and the need to adhere to the rules of the law are two crucial foundations in explaining the role of environmental diplomacy in achieving sustainable development. Development and environmental protection will certainly not be on a sustainable path unless regional interactions and international cooperation take a serious turn. This study is based on bibliographic and descriptive approach and is based on the evaluation of new sighted. Along that, environmental diplomacy is known as an effective method to natural resources and ecosystems conservation. So, environmental discussions are very much important international convergence reason. Therefore, international community can lead to global environmental conservation strategies with that convergence attitude. This research aims to determine the international environmental law evolution firstly and government’s roles in front of environmental challenges lying international convergence and legal fundamentals. So, environmental threats and hazards, display an illogical human act, that can be solved under the shadow of international convergence and moving to environmental conservation and global peace.
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- Molaei, Yousef, The Right to the Environment in the Third Generation of Human Rights, Collection of Essays on Environmental Law, by Ahmad Ali Mohsenzadeh, Nader Saad, Ali Samiei, 2009, Environmental and Publishing Organization Publications, p. 337(In Persian)
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- Vakil, Amir Saad, The Status of Healthy Environmental Rights in the Normative Structure of International Human Rights, Collection of Articles on Environmental Law, with all Ahmad Ali Mohsenzadeh, Nader Saad, Ali Samiei, 2009, Environmental Organization Publications and Khorsandi Publishing, p. 263. (In Persian)
- Pourhashemi, Seyed Abbas, Arghand, Bahareh, International Environmental Law, 2013, Tehran: Justice Publications, p. 26. (In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan, Environmental Diplomacy and Its Impact on International Interaction and World Peace, 2016, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Environment and Energy, University of Science and Research, Tehran, p. 31. (In Persian)
- Hassanan, Mansoureh, The role of international convergence in global environmental protection, 2013, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Science and Research, Tehran, p.11. (In Persian)
- Hassanan, Mansoureh, The Role of International Convergence in Global Environmental Protection, 2013, M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University of Science and Research, p.4. (In Persian)
- Colin clark and Tony Pyne, Politics, Security and development in smallstates, 1987,London: allen and Unwin.,P59. (In Persian)
- Firoozi, Mehdi, The Right to the Environment, 2005, Jihad Daneshgahi Publications, p. 58. (In Persian)
- Pourhashemi, Seyed Abbas, Arghand, Bahareh, International Environmental Law, 2013, Tehran: Justice Publications, p. 71. (In Persian)
- Integrashen of political communities, in: j. nye, peace in parts boston: little and brown, 1971, p.36.
- Hassanan, Mansoura, The role of international convergence in global environmental protection, 2013, M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University of Science and Research, p. 29. (In Persian)
- Shelton, The World, Case, Alexander, The Environmental Law Booklet, translated by Mohsen Abdollahi, 2010, first edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publications, p. 87. (In Persian)
- Seifzadeh, Hassan, Different Theories in International Relations, 1990, Safir Publishing, Tehran, p. 238. (In Persian)
- Kiss, Alexander, H. Sand, Peter Lange, Venfraid, Environmental Law, translated by Mohammad Hassan Habibi, 2010, Volume I, Second Edition, University of Tehran Press, p. 68. (In Persian)
- Kiss, Alexander, H. Sind, Pietro Long, Venfried, Environmental Law, translated by Mohammad Hassan Habibi, 2010, Volume One, Second Edition, University of Tehran Press, p. 78. (In Persian)
- Hassanan, Mansoureh, The role of international convergence in global environmental protection, 2013, M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University of Science and Research, p. 65. (In Persian)
- Cook Dean, Nguyen and Deanieh, Patrick and Allen Pele, General International Law, translated by Hassan Habibi, 2004, Volume II, Tehran Information Publications, p. 618. (In Persian)
- Robinson, Nicholas, Corcolasoria. Lal, Fundamentals of International Environmental Law, translated by Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini, 2011, first edition, Tehran: Mizan Legal Foundation, p. 148. (In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan and Hedyeh Sadat Mirtorabi, Environmental Diplomacy; An Effective Approach to Achieving Sustainable Protection and Development, Second National Conference on Planning, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development, 2014, Hegmataneh Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, p.3. (In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan, (1) Environmental Diplomacy: The Effective Process of Protecting the World Environment, 2013, Iranian Law Fellows' Blog Tomorrow, at: http: ehsantohid.blogfa.com, p.2. (In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan, (2) Environmental Diplomacy and International Interactions, 2013, Iranian Law Fellows Blog Tomorrow, at: http: ehsantohid.blogfa.com, p.2. (In Persian)
- Ranjbarian, Amir Hossein and Arghandehpour, Nafiseh, The Phenomenon of Drowning Governments: Solutions from the Perspective of International Law, 2012, Legal Journal of the Center for International Legal Affairs, No. 46, p.83. (In Persian)
- Larry, David and P. Supati, Bala Krishna, The Future of International Environmental Law in the Age of Globalization, translated by Sobhan Taybi and Safia Taybi, 2014, National Center for Globalization Publications, p. 176 and Taybi, Sobhan, Peace and Security Guarantee In the context of the interaction between diplomacy and the environment, 2014, a lecture at the 19th National-Regional Conference of the Association of Environmentalists, University of Science and Research, Tehran, p. 11. (In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan, (2) Environmental Diplomacy and International Interactions, 2013, Iran Legal Scientists Blog Tomorrow, at: http: ehsantohid.blogfa.com, p. 2(In Persian)
- Taybi, Sobhan, (1) Environmental Diplomacy: The Effective Process of Protecting the World Environment, 2013, Iranian Law Fellows' Blog Tomorrow, at: http: ehsantohid.blogfa.com, p.2. (In Persian)
