تحلیل جرایم علیه محیط‌زیست در ارتباط با امنیت ملی و نظم عمومی؛ چالش‌ها و راهکارها
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محیط زیستسارا زیادخانی 1 , صادق سلیمی 2 , عبدالعلی قوام 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری حقوق محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: جرایم زیست‌محیطی, امنیت ملی, نظم عمومی, امنیت زیست‌محیطی, سیاست کیفری افتراقی. ,
چکیده مقاله :
جرائم زیست‌محیطی می‌توانند تبعات بسیار نامطلوبی بر نظم عمومی جامعه داشته باشند؛ از این رو، سبب شکل‌گیری مباحث نوینی تحت عنوان «امنیت زیست‌محیطی» شده‌اند. بزه‌سبز با داشتن خصائصی از جمله غیرقابل جبران بودن، گاه امنیت ملی را نیز در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهند. نظام حقوقی ایران نیز با به رسمیت شناختن یکی از انواع بزه‌های ضد محیط‌زیست تحت عنوان «جرایم علیه امنیت حدی در باب افساد فی‌الارض»، به این مهم توجه ویژه‌ای داشته است که بزه زیست‌محیطی در مواردی می‌تواند امنیت ملی را به مخاطره بیندازد. اما در بعد دیگر، بزه ضد سبز در حوزه‌های حقوق کیفری سبز، سیاست جنایی منسجمی نداشته و بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می‌گردد در قالب جرم انگاری‌های افتراقی بدین مهم دست یابد. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی ابتدا به توصیف بزه‌سبز و امنیت زیست‌محیطی پرداخته و سپس از لحاظ حقوقی و جرم‌شناختی به بررسی تأثیرگذاری بزه‌سبز بر امنیت ملی و امنیت زیست‌محیطی خواهد پرداخت و چالش‌ها و راهکارهای این حوزه را مورد بحث و بررسی قرار خواهد داد.
National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. Green Crime has endangered the national security with its characteristics. By recognizing one of the anti-green crimes under the title of crimes against security, Iran's legal system has paid attention to the fact that environmental crimes can endanger national security in some cases. However, in other dimensions, the anti-green crime has not had a coherent criminal policy in the areas of criminal law, which is proposed to be achieved in the form of differential criminalization. This research, using descriptive-analytical method, will firstly describe the green belt and environmental security, and then, from a legal and criminological point of view, it will investigate the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security, and will discuss the challenges and solutions in this field.
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