ارزیابی ریسک واحدهای آمونیاک و اوره با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی آنتروپی شانون و WASPAS مبتنی بر منطق فازی
محورهای موضوعی :
ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستی
فرخنده عبادزاده
1
,
سید مسعود منوری
2
,
سید علی جوزی
3
,
مریم رباطی
4
,
راضیه رحیمی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکترای محیط زیست،گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد گروه محیط زیست،دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، ایران.
4 - استادیار،گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، ایران.
5 - استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، پژوهشکده امنیت غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/25
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
ارزیابی ریسک,
تکنیک واسپاس فازی,
آنتروپی شانون فازی,
پتروشیمی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پیشرفت و توسعه صنایع، با وجود منافع اقتصادی که برای انسان به همراه داشته است، منشا بسیاری از مخاطرات و اثرات ناسازگار بر محیط زیست بوده است. در این میان صنعت پتروشیمی با توجه به گستردگی و حجم فعالیت ها، توانایی بالایی در ایجاد خطر برای انسان و محیط زیست را دارد. این مقاله با هدف ارزیابی و رتبه بندی ریسک های محیط زیستی، ایمنی و بهداشتی ناشی از فرایند تولید آمونیاک و اوره انجام شده است.
روش بررسی: به منظور ارزیابی کیفی و غربال نمودن ریسک های شناسایی شده در مرحله پیگیری، از روش آنالیز مقدماتی خطر(PHA) استفاده شد. به این ترتیب که شدت و احتمال وقوع عوامل مخاطره آمیز با استفاده از جداول PHA محاسبه شده و سطح ریسک ها تعیین گردید. سپس جهت رتبه بندی ریسک های نهایی، ابتدا معیارهای شدت، احتمال وقوع، احتمال کشف و گستره ی آلودگی برای جنبه های محیط زیستی و معیارهای شدت، احتمال وقوع، احتمال کشف و میزان مواجهه برای ریسک های ایمنی و بهداشتی، با روش انتروپی شانون فازی وزن دهی شدند. در ادامه، هر یک از ریسک ها بر اساس معیارهای نامبرده و با استفاده از تکنیک واسپاس فازی الویت بندی گردیدند.
یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، در میان 24 جنبه محیط زیستی، انتشار CO2 از برج دفع با ارزش 702/0 و درمیان 36 ریسک ایمنی و بهداشتی، سقوط از ارتفاع با ارزش 713/0 بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کرده اند
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به ریسک های شناسایی شده در پتروشیمی مورد مطالعه، پیشنهاداتی جهت اصلاح و کاهش ریسک های با سطح بالا ارائه شد. همچنین نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از تکنیک تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره در محیط فازی باعث افزایش دقت مطالعه می شود و دسترسی به دانش افراد خبره را تسهیل می کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Due to the scope and volume of activities, the petrochemical industry has a high potential risk to humans and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate and rank the health, safety and environmental risks caused by the ammonia and urea production process.
Material and Methodology: The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) method was used for qualitative risk analysis and screening of the health, safety and environmental risks identified in the follow-up phase. The severity and probability of occurrence of risk factors were calculated using PHA tables, and the level of risks was determined. To rank the final risks, the criteria “severity,” “probability of occurrence,” “probability of detection,” and the “extent of contamination” for environmental aspects and the criteria “severity,” “probability of occurrence,” “probability of detection,” and the “exposure” were first weighed by the fuzzy Shannon entropy method. Then, each risk was prioritized based on the mentioned criteria and using fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS).
Findings: According to the results, among 24 environmental aspects, CO2 emissions from the disposal tower with a value of 0.702 and among the 36 safety and health risks, falling from a height with a value of 0.713 have the highest score.
Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, suggestions were made to correct and mitigate the high-level risks. Also, the research results showed that using the multi-criteria decision-making technique in the fuzzy environment increases the study’s accuracy and facilitates access to the knowledge of experts.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Huang R H, Yang C L, Kao CS. Assessment model for equipment risk management: Petrochemical industry cases. Safety Science. 2012; 50(4), 1056-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.02.024
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Mete Assessing occupational risks in pipeline construction using FMEA-based AHP-MOORA integrated approach under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT. 2019; 25(7), p.1645-1660. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1546115
Song W, Ming X, Wu Z, Zhu B. Failure modes and effects analysis using integrated weight-based fuzzy TOPSIS. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2013; 26(12), p. 1172-1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2013.785027
Johari Z, Cheraghi M, Sobhan Ardakani S. Environmental Risk Assessment of Ilam Petrochemical Company Using Analytical Network Analysis and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Methods in 2016. J Ilam Uni Med Sci. 2019; 26(5), p. 79-88. http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-4791-fa.html. (In Persian)
Khodadadi-Karimvand M, Shirouyehzad H. Well Drilling Fuzzy Risk Assessment using Fuzzy FMEA and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Applications. 2021; 2(2), p 144–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22105/jfea.2021.275955.1086
Gharibi V, Ghaedi Jahromi M, Mohammadnia M R, Hosseini Gharbi S M. Environmental Risk Assessment of Gas Wells Drilling Effluents: Integration of Environmental Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Analytic Network Process Models. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020; 8(1), p. 49-56. https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_46583.html
Ghosh S, Jintanapakanont J. Identifying and assessing the critical risk factors in an underground rail project in Thailand: a factor analysis approach. International Journal of Project Management. 2004; 22(8), p. 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.004
Kakaei H, Jafari Nodoushan R, Kamalvandi M, Azad P, Normohammadi P, Kakaei Z. Identification and Classification of Risks and Potential Events by using Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method (PHA) in Kermanshah Oil Refinery. jehe. 2015; 3 (1), p.1-9. http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-196-fa.html. (In Persian)
Cavallaro F, Zavadskas E K, Raslanas S. Evaluation of combined heat and power (CHP) systems using fuzzy Shannon entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS. Sustainability. 2016; 8(6), p. 556. https://doi:10.3390/su8060556.
Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Fallahnejad R. Imprecise Shannon’s entropy and multi-attribute decision making. Entropy. 2010; 12(1), p. 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/e12010053
Patil S K, Kant R. A fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS framework for ranking the solutions of Knowledge Management adoption in Supply Chain to overcome its barriers. Expert Systems with Applications. 2014; 41(2), p. 679-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.093
Safari H, Kazemi A, Mehrpoor Layeghi Performance Assessment of Iranian Gas Transmission Company’s Operational Zones through a Hybrid Method of DEA – WASPAS – SWARA. J. Industrial management studies. 2017; 16 (49), p. 139-171. https://doi.org/10.22054/jims.2018.8788. (In Persian)
Turskis Z, Goranin N, Nurusheva A, Boranbayev S. A fuzzy WASPAS-based approach to determine critical information infrastructures of EU sustainable development. Sustainability. 2019; 11, 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020424
Zavadskas E K, Turskis Z, Antucheviciene J, Zakarevicius A. Optimization of weighted aggregated sum product assessment. Elektronika ir elektrotechnika. 2012; 122(6), p. 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810
Bid S, Siddique G. Human risk assessment of Panchet dam in India using TOPSIS and WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Heliyon. 2019; 5(6): e01956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01956
Ighravwe D E, Oke S A. A fuzzy-grey-weighted aggregate sum product assessment methodical approach for multi-criteria analysis of maintenance performance systems. International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. 2017; 8(S2), p. 961–973.DOI: 1007/s13198-016-0554-8
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Tenney A, Kværner J, Gjerstad K I. Uncertainty in environmental impact assessment predictions: the need for better communication and more transparency. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2006; 24(1), p. 45-56. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154606781765345
Huang R H, Yang C L, Kao CS. Assessment model for equipment risk management: Petrochemical industry cases. Safety Science. 2012; 50(4), 1056-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.02.024
Noori H, Cheraghi M, Eslami Baladeh A. A hybrid fuzzy MADM model for environmental risk assessment: a case of an oil and gas exploitation area. J Health Saf Work. 2019; 9 (3), p. 200-21. http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6166-fa.html. (In Persian)
Mete Assessing occupational risks in pipeline construction using FMEA-based AHP-MOORA integrated approach under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT. 2019; 25(7), p.1645-1660. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1546115
Song W, Ming X, Wu Z, Zhu B. Failure modes and effects analysis using integrated weight-based fuzzy TOPSIS. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2013; 26(12), p. 1172-1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2013.785027
Johari Z, Cheraghi M, Sobhan Ardakani S. Environmental Risk Assessment of Ilam Petrochemical Company Using Analytical Network Analysis and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Methods in 2016. J Ilam Uni Med Sci. 2019; 26(5), p. 79-88. http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-4791-fa.html. (In Persian)
Khodadadi-Karimvand M, Shirouyehzad H. Well Drilling Fuzzy Risk Assessment using Fuzzy FMEA and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Applications. 2021; 2(2), p 144–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22105/jfea.2021.275955.1086
Gharibi V, Ghaedi Jahromi M, Mohammadnia M R, Hosseini Gharbi S M. Environmental Risk Assessment of Gas Wells Drilling Effluents: Integration of Environmental Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Analytic Network Process Models. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020; 8(1), p. 49-56. https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_46583.html
Ghosh S, Jintanapakanont J. Identifying and assessing the critical risk factors in an underground rail project in Thailand: a factor analysis approach. International Journal of Project Management. 2004; 22(8), p. 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.05.004
Kakaei H, Jafari Nodoushan R, Kamalvandi M, Azad P, Normohammadi P, Kakaei Z. Identification and Classification of Risks and Potential Events by using Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method (PHA) in Kermanshah Oil Refinery. jehe. 2015; 3 (1), p.1-9. http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-196-fa.html. (In Persian)
Cavallaro F, Zavadskas E K, Raslanas S. Evaluation of combined heat and power (CHP) systems using fuzzy Shannon entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS. Sustainability. 2016; 8(6), p. 556. https://doi:10.3390/su8060556.
Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F, Fallahnejad R. Imprecise Shannon’s entropy and multi-attribute decision making. Entropy. 2010; 12(1), p. 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/e12010053
Patil S K, Kant R. A fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS framework for ranking the solutions of Knowledge Management adoption in Supply Chain to overcome its barriers. Expert Systems with Applications. 2014; 41(2), p. 679-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.093
Safari H, Kazemi A, Mehrpoor Layeghi Performance Assessment of Iranian Gas Transmission Company’s Operational Zones through a Hybrid Method of DEA – WASPAS – SWARA. J. Industrial management studies. 2017; 16 (49), p. 139-171. https://doi.org/10.22054/jims.2018.8788. (In Persian)
Turskis Z, Goranin N, Nurusheva A, Boranbayev S. A fuzzy WASPAS-based approach to determine critical information infrastructures of EU sustainable development. Sustainability. 2019; 11, 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020424
Zavadskas E K, Turskis Z, Antucheviciene J, Zakarevicius A. Optimization of weighted aggregated sum product assessment. Elektronika ir elektrotechnika. 2012; 122(6), p. 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810
Bid S, Siddique G. Human risk assessment of Panchet dam in India using TOPSIS and WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Heliyon. 2019; 5(6): e01956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01956
Ighravwe D E, Oke S A. A fuzzy-grey-weighted aggregate sum product assessment methodical approach for multi-criteria analysis of maintenance performance systems. International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. 2017; 8(S2), p. 961–973.DOI: 1007/s13198-016-0554-8