عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت صندوق‌های اعتبارات خرد در توانمند سازی اقتصادی زنان روستایی شهرستان بهار
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستروح الله رجائی 1 , شهره تاج 2 , سیمین ارمغان 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزد اسلامی، واحد شهر ری، ایران.
کلید واژه: بهار (شهرستان), توانمند سازی اقتصادی, زنان روستایی, صندوق اعتبارات, خرد.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: صندوق مشارکت زنان روستایی، یکی از نهادهایی است که از سال 1376 اقدام به پرداخت اعتبارات خرد کرده است. این صندوق‌ها با بهره‌گیری از تجربه گرامین بانک بنگلادش توسط دفتر امور زنان وزارت جهاد کشاورزی اجرا گردید. موضوع توانمندسازی زنان خصوصاً در دهه‌های اخیر، محور توجه نهادها و سازمان‌های بین المللی قرار گرفته است. نهاد زنان در سازمان ملل متحد نیز که به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین نهادها و سازمان‌های بین المللی موجود در زمینه حقوق زنان، در چارچوب ملل متحد اقدام می‌کند، موضوع توانمندسازی زنان را محور توجه قرار داده است. اعتبارات خرد برای زنان فاقد درآمد یکی از راهکارهای احتمالی برای دست‌یابی به توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی پایدار در مناطق روستایی مطرح شده است. بر این اساس این پژوهش با هدف هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت صندوق‌های اعتبارات خرد در توانمندسازی زنان روستایی شهرستان بهار اجرا گردید.
روش بررسی: جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 250 نفر از زنان عضو صندوق اعتبارات خرد ساکنین 6 روستا از توابع شهرستان بهار می‌باشد که از تسهیلات صندوق‌های مذکور استفاده نموده‌اند. شهرستان بهار در مجموع دارای 9 صندوق اعتبارت خرد در روستاهای گنبدان، چوتاش، سیمین، زاغه، گندجین و سلیمان آباد با 250 نفر عضو است. این پژوهش مربوط به روستاهای شهرستان بهار از توابع استان همدان است که در سال 1401-1400 اجرا گردیده است.
یافته ها: اعتبارات صندوق‌های خرد به خوبی توانسته با جلب مشارکت زنان به عنوان همیاران دائم، زمینه توسعه وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی جوامع روستایی را فراهم کند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: اختیار بانوان در فروش محصولات زراعی، باغی و دامی و نیز اختیار آنها در خرید و فروش زمین و خانه دارای بالاترین اولویت در توانمندسازی اقتصادی بانوان روستایی شهرستان بهار قرار دارد.
Background and Objective: The rural women's participation fund is one of the institutions that has been paying small loans since 1997. These funds were implemented by the Women's Affairs Office of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad using the experience of Grameen Bank Bangladesh. The issue of women's empowerment, especially in recent decades, has been the center of attention of international institutions and organizations. The Women's Organization in the United Nations, which acts as one of the most important international institutions and organizations in the field of women's rights, within the framework of the United Nations, has focused on the issue of women's empowerment. Microcredits for women with no income have been proposed as one of the possible solutions to achieve sustainable economic and social development in rural areas. Based on this, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the success of microcredit funds in empowering rural women in Bahar.
Materials and methodology: The statistical population of this research includes 250 women who are members of microcredit funds of residents of 6 villages of Bahar city, who have used the facilities of the mentioned funds. Bahar city has a total of 9 micro credit funds in Gonbadan, Chotash, Simin, Zagheh, Gendjin and Sulaimanabad villages with 250 members.
Findings: The results showed that women's authority in selling agricultural, horticultural and livestock products, as well as their authority in buying and selling land and houses, has the highest priority in the economic empowerment of rural women in Bahar.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that the credit of micro funds has been able to provide the basis for the development of the socio-economic status of rural communities by attracting the participation of women as permanent helpers.
1. Mohammadi-yeganeh B. The Development of Entrepreneurship and its Impact upon Provision of Group and Individual Credit Regarding Agricultural Sector of Zanjan. SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 2 (6) :43-57. (In Persian)
2. Javanshiri, M., Bozarjomehri, K., Harati, O., Mahmoudi, H. The role of microcredits in the development of mountainous and plain rural areas (A case study of the villages of Kardeh and Miyan-velayat in the Mashhad County). Rural Development Strategies, 2017; 4(2): 157-180. doi: 10.22048/rdsj.2017.61710.1580. (In Persian)
3. Alaedini, P., Jalali Mousavi, A. Assessing the impact of rural microfinance support project and micro-credit fund for rural women in Iran. Community Development (Rural and Urban Communities), 2011; 2(2): -.(In Persian)
4. Seifollahi, N., EbrahimiKharajo, V. Investigating social banking in the world for small industries and providing a solution on how to generalize it in Ardabil. Financial Economics, 2022; 16(59): 75-104. doi: 10.30495/fed.2022.694714. (In Persian)
5. Habibi M, Zandieh M. Rural women participation and Employment in Iran. Journal of American Science. 2011;7(6):337-41
6. Ghadiry Masom, M., Ahmadi, A. The factors influencing success of micro-credit funds in the economic empowerment of rural women, Firoozkooh County. Human Geography Research, 2015; 47(4): 759-772. doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2015.52462. (In Persian)
7. Ikemi M. A challenge of microcredit program in rural Africa: a case study of Fatick Integrated Development Program in Senegal. Economic Journal of Hokkaido University. 2011;40:15-28.
8. Shahmoradi, M., Ehsanifar, T., Mohammadi Elyasi, G. Empowering rural women through entrepreneurship education; A systematic review. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research, 2023; 1(1): 11-27. (In Persian)
9. shahrokhi sardoo, S., shahrokhi sardoo, S. The Analysis of participation accelerators and their influence on Economic performance of Micro-credit funds for Rural Women (The case of: Jiroft County). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 2016; 14(2): 185-212. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2016.2492. (In Persian)
10. Anderson CL, Locker L, Nugent R. Microcredit, social capital, and common pool resources. World development. 2002;30(1):95-105
11. Roknodin, A., Arefnia, K., Sajasi, H., Parishan, M., Azimi, J. Analysis of the content of the fourth program in relation to the goals of the United Nations decade. Geography, 2009; 6(19): 45-62.
12. Sanyang SE, Huang W-C. Micro-financing: Enhancing the role of women’s group for poverty alleviation in rural Gambia. World journal of agricultural sciences. 2008;4(6):665-73.
13. khoob, S., Anabestani, A. Identifying barriers and restrictions on the use of government microcredit in the development of rural entrepreneurship activities (Case study: Radkan Dehestan). Rural Development Strategies, 2021; 7(4): 433-451. doi: 10.22048/rdsj.2021.249621.1876. (In Persian)
14. Hajarian, A. H., Barghi, H. Comparative Analysis of Small Farming and Cooperative Production Systems Based on Economic, Social, and Environmental Indicators. Spatial Planning, 2022; 12(3): 67-82. doi: 10.22108/sppl.2022.132525.1641. (In Persian)
15. Mohamad-Azahari A, Joni-Tamkin B. Success factors of successful microcredit entrepreneurs: Empirical evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2013;4(5).
16. Karami, G., Rezaei Moghaddam, K. Participatory Action Research: The Linkage Point between the Research and Action in the Agricultural Entrepreneurship Cooperatives Management. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 2020; 16(2): 161-188. (In Persian)
17. Khosravi, M., Daheshyar, H., Abtahi, S. S. The Empowerment of Women in Making Political Decisions in National and International Decision Makings Structure. Research Letter of International Relations, 2013; 5(20): 99-132. (In Persian)
18. vatankhah noghani, A. Identify and prioritize strategies for the empowerment of women in rural migration Based on the SWOT matrix technique QSPM (Case Study: Mashhad County). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 2016; 14(3): 5-6. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2016.2558. (In Persian)
19. zarafshani, K., ali baygi, A. H., faghiri, M. Rating Micro Credit Funds Based on Rural Women’s Ability in Kermanshah. Woman in Development & Politics, 2012; 10(1): 105-124. doi: 10.22059/jwdp.2012.24771. (In Persian)
20. Gholipour A, Rahimian A. Economic, Cultural, and Educational Factors Related to Empowerment of Head-of-Household Women. Social Welfare. 2011;11(40):29-62. (In Persian)
21. Heidari Mokarar, H., Masomi Jeshni, M. Influential Factors to Improve Women's Participation in Micro-credit Fund of Rural Women Facilitators,) Case Study Sector Srchhan, Bavanat Township, Province Fars). Geographic Thought, 2012; 6(11): 1-43. (In Persian)
22. Bowen HP, De Clercq D. Institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort. Journal of International Business Studies. 2008;39:747-67.
23. Minniti M. The role of government policy on entrepreneurial activity: productive, unproductive, or destructive? Entrepreneurship theory and Practice. 2008;32(5):779-90.
24. Md Nor NH, Mohd Rashid SN, Nawawi R, Mohd Ishak F, Mohd Zain MS. Women enterprenuership in micro credit performance: The preliminary study in Kelantan. 2012.
25. Awunyo-Vitor D, Abankwah V, Kwansah JKK. Women participation in microcredit and its impact on income: a study of small-scale businesses in the Central Region of Ghana. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2012;2(3):502-15.
26. Mohammadi, Y., Avatefi-Akmak, F., Zamiri-Arasteh, M., rahimian, M. Analysis of Internal and External Factors Affecting Empowerment of Rural Women Receiving Microcredits (The Case of Kermanshah and Hamedan Provinces). Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2019; 15(2): 65-79. (In Persian)
27. Asadpour, A., Entezari, A., Ahmadi Ahank, K. Formal and Informal Social Participation and Factors Affecting it (A Study in The City of Amol). Journal of Applied Sociology, 2018; 29(3): 67-86. doi: 10.22108/jas.2017.102093.1065. (In Persian)
28. Javadian, S. R., Mirzaie Fathabad, H., Afrasiabi, H. A Qualitative Study of the Causes and Context of Non-participation in Empowerment Plans among Women-headed Households. Strategic Research on Social Problems in Iran, 2019; 8(2): 65-86. doi: 10.22108/srspi.2019.115072.1358. (In Persian)
29. Nikooghadam, M., Gholizadeh Amirabad, M., Khoshnoodi, A. The Effect of Women Empowerment on the Democracy Development. Woman in Development & Politics, 2018; 16(4): 621-640. doi: 10.22059/jwdp.2019.263033.1007470. (In Persian)
30. aryana, A., Dastyar, Z., Tavasoli, A. Entrepreneur women’s role in the development and evolution of the country (Case Study: Hormozgan province). Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 2020; 16(2): 101-120. (In Persian)
31. Steele, F, Amin, S, Naver, R, (1988). “The impact of an integrated microcredit program of women,s empowerment and Fertility behavior in rural Bangladesh” poplation council. working papers, vol. 11 No. 115, pp. 1-43.
32. Skarlatos K. Microfinance and Women’s Economic Empowerment: Bridging the Gap. Wisconsin Coordinating Council of Nicaragua, Working Paper Series (1). 2004:1-60.
33. Shiri, N. Designing a Model for Entrepreneurial Activities Extension in Agricultural Students’ Cooperatives. Co-Operation and Agriculture, 2022; 10(40): 53-81. doi: 10.22034/ajcoop.2022.279922.1667
34. Moghaddas Farimani, S., Mirtorabi, M. S., Ghaemmaghami, S. S. Social - Economic Empowerment of Rural Women and Effective Factors on It (Case Study: Members of Rural Women's Microfinance Funds in the Zanjan Province). Rural Development Strategies, 2020; 7(3): 347-363. doi: 10.22048/rdsj.2021.250336.1877. (In Persian)
35. Falah jelou dar r., Faraj elah hosseini s.j., Hosseini seyed mahmoud, mirdamadi s.m.. Factors Contributing to the Success of Rural Women's entrepreneurship in north of Iran. Village and Development[internet]. 2008;10(4):87-115. available from: https://sid.ir/paper/94626/en. (In Persian)
