آمایش فضایی مناطق حاشیه‌نشین و بررسی شکل‌گیری اسکان غیررسمی (مطالعه موردی: شهر ساری)
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی
رضا لحمیان
1
(استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشگاه پیام نور «تهران» ایران)
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده اسکان غیررسمی از جمله پدیده‌هایی است که به دنبال تحولات ساختاری و بروز مسائل و مشکلات اقتصادی – اجتماعی مانند جریان سریع شهرنشینی و مهاجرت های روستایی لجام گسیخته در بیشتر کشورهای جهان، به ویژه کشورهای جهان سوم پدیدار گردیده است. این پدیده از جلوه های بارز فقر شهری است که در شکلی برنامه‌ریزی نشده در درون یا اطراف شهرها ظاهر شده است. در ایران نیز علاوه بر روند فوق افزایش و انباشت درآمد های نفتی و اصلاحات ارضی بعد از دهه چهل و افزایش شکاف اقتصادی میان شهر و روستا، جنگ تحمیلی، بلایای طبیعی و مشکلات و مسائل مدیریتی کلان و خرد دامنه این پدیده را گسترده تر کرد. هدف این مقاله شناسایی علل حاشیه‌نشینی در شهرها (مطالعه موردی شهر ساری) است. سؤال اصلی پژوهش این است که مهم‌ترین عوامل شکل‌گیری سکونت‌گاه غیررسمی در ساری چیست؟ فرضیه ای که در این پژوهش برای پاسخگویی به سؤال اصلی مطرح می‌شود این است که عامل اقتصادی مهم‌ترین علت حاشیه‌نشینی شهری است. در این پژوهش پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات میدانی با استفاده از پرسشنامه و تحلیل روابط بین متغیرهای تحقیق در جدول swot با پایش میدانی و تصاویر ماهواره ای و استفاده از نرم‌افزار ARCGIS10 مسائل مربوط به اسکان غیررسمی ساکنین حاشیه شهر ساری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است.
References:
1- Afrough, Emad(1998),Space and social inequality,Provide a model for the spatial segregation and its consequences, Tehran:Tarbiat Modarres University Press.
2- Assadullahi, Abdul Rahim and Nateghpour, Mohammad(2008), review Social structure of Marginal areas in Ilam city, Journal of housing economics, No. 35 and 36.
3- Athari, Kamal (2002), the necessity of istitutionalization and Iran empowering informal settlements, Tehran: Organization of Civil and Urban Upgrading, No. 8.
4- Bahrain, Seyed Hassan(1999), Modernism, post-modernism and then In Urban Development, Tehran: Tehran University Press. J. K. hyraska(1997), Introduction to urban planning, translator Ahmad Soleimani, Kharazmi University Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, 1997, p. 112
5- Costanza, R. Fisher, B. Ali, S. Beer, C. Bond, I. Boumans, R. … Snapp, R, “Quality of life:An approach integrating opportunities, human needs, and subjective well-being. Ecological, Economics, 61(2-3) 2007. 267-276.
6- Dongier, Philips and at.al(2001)."Community- Driven Development". Core Techniques Issues.13 Volume1, Chapter 9, pp301-331.
7- Douglas, M (2001) “Intercity Competition and the Question of Economic Resilience: Globalization and Crisis in Asia” in: global city – Regions. A.J. Scott (ed.). Oxford: Oxford university press. Pp:466-485
8- Dimopoulou, E. and Zentels, P. (2007) “Informal Settlements within a Spatial Development Framework” Paper presented at “Informal Settlements – Real Estate Markets Needs Related to Good Land Administration and Planning” FIG Commission 3 Workshop, Athens, Greece, March 28-31, 2007
9- Dioxin, Homer (1995), Urban Groth and vilence.
10- Eslami, hussain(1994), Sari historical geography, Tehran: Jaras publications.
11- Ghanbari, Hakimeh, Kazmyzad, Shamsollah, Hadiani, zohreh, Mousavi, mirnajaf (2014),An Analysis of The formation of informal settlements By using path analysis(Case Study: Neighborhood Shadqly Khan of Qom),JournalGeographical Research, 29 (3) consecutive 114 years
12- Giddens, A (1994) Beyond Left & Right. Cambridgr: Polity Press.
13- Haji-Yousefi, Ali (2002),Urban margins And the process of its development, Seven Cities magazine, Issue VIII.
14- Huchzermeyer, Marie (2004) From ‘‘contravention of laws’’ to ‘‘lack of rights’’: redefining the problem of informal settlements in South Africa, Habitat International, vol 28: pp333–347.
15- Johnston&et al,2001-The dictionary of Human Geography.Block well-newyork.
16- mohammadi makerani, hamid. Citizen participation in informal settlement, potentials & obstacles-the case of iran, shiraz, saadi community. international journal of social sciences, vol 1 no.3, pp183-188,2007.
17- Ozlem Geuzey (2009); Urban regeneration and increased competitive power: Ankara in an era of globalization; Cities; vol.26.
18- Piran, Parviz (1994),Slums in Iran:Theoretical perspectives,Looking at the situation in Iran,Political-Economic Journal,Ninth year, 3 and 4.
19- Rahmatabadi, Elham(2005), Book review: suburbanization and informal settlements, Journal of Urban Development, No. 13 and 14.
20- Richards.R, Oleary.B & Mutsonziwa. K. Measure Quality of life in informal settlements in South Africa”. Social Indicators Research.81(2007): 375-388.
21- Rosta, Majid, Alizadeh, Razieh(2009),Satiety on The emergence of informal settlements in Iran With emphasis onPolicies and strategies for organizing, National Conference of informal settlements: Rey Islamic Azad University.
22- sarafi,Muzaffar (2004), issue called informal settlements; A solution to empower the municipalities, Tehran: Organization of municipalities, No. 66, pp. 33 to 35
23- Schumacher, A.F (1999) Small is Beautiful, Translated by ali ramin, Tehran: Soroush publication, chehreh print.
24- Sclar, Elliot D & et al (2005) The 21st century health challenge of slums and cities, The lancet, vol 365.London.
25- Serag EI Din. H, et.al 2012, “Principles of urban quality of life for a neighborhood”, Housing and Building National Research Center Journal
26- Shahidi, Akram (2007), empowering local communities informal settlements, a step toward urban sustainability, Journal of Housing and revolution, No. 119. Pages 51-44.
27- Shakuie,Hussain (2000), New approaches in urban geography, Tehran: Publication side.
28- Sheibani amin, Isa. Gholami, Mohammad (2011), Informal settlements, Causes, Consequences and Solutions, Case Study: Zahedan Shirabad, Conference planning and urban management, Mashhad.
29- Sheikh, Mohammad (2002),The process of formation and transformation of settlements Auto Around Tehran,Seven Cities magazine, Issue VIII.
30- Shhanqy, amirvaez (2009),an analysis of Factors formation of informal settlements, National Conference on informal settlements: Challenges - Strategies With a focus on Tehran metropolitan region - Rey Islamic Azad University.
31- Smith, Warren, "10 Points to Remember About Informal Settlement Upgrading. UNHabitat.pp1-12, 2005
32- Statistical Center of Iran (2006) Sari city General Population and Housing Census
33- Statistical Center of Iran, Mazandaran General Population and Housing Census province,Years 1355-1365-1375.
34- Urban Planning Organization of Mazandaran province (2007), Sari detailed plan
35- Urban Planning Organization of Mazandaran province (2012), the Sari proposed master plan.
36- Westaway, Margaret S. (2006) A longitudinal investigation of satisfaction with personal and environmental quality of life in an informal South African housing settlement, Doornkop, Soweto. Habitat International, vol 30: pp 175–189.
37- Zangiabadi, ali(1992), Spatial analysis of kerman city physical development model, Tarbiat Modarres University, MA thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran
- Online References
